Mixtures and Solution Notes
Mixtures and Solution Notes
1. _______________ is anything that takes up space (or has volume) and has mass.
• Mass is the amount of ____________ in an object. It can only be changed when you _____________________________ matter, not when the object is ______________ from place to place.
• We measure mass in _____________________________________.
• Matter is made up of particles _____________ to be seen (________).
2. Matter comes from the Latin word mater which means ____________. So, matter is the mother of all things.
3. Property- an object’s characteristics or _____________. It is something that can be ______________________ about an object.
• Matter can have __________________ or chemical properties.
• Physical properties are those that ____________ change the nature of the matter. For example, describing something’s color, _______, texture, _________, sound ; magnetism; ______________, float/sink
• Chemical changes are those where the nature of the matter actually _______________, and a _____________ substance with new properties is created. For example, ____________.
4. Matter can be classified in different ways:
• By its _______________
• Whether it is a substance or a _______________________
• The three states of matter are:
| | | |
|Definite shape |No definite shape- takes the shape of the |No definite shape or volume- they take the shape |
| |container it is in |and volume of the container |
|Definite volume |Definite volume | |
|Particles are tightly packed together and only |Particles are close but less tightly packed |Particles are the most spread apart |
|vibrate. |together (they flow) | |
|Particles stay in the same place |Particles can slide past one another and change |Particles move past each other very easily |
| |places | |
5. How to find the volume for:
• Solids: _______________ (for rectangular items) or water displacement (for irregular items)
• Liquids: pour liquid in a graduated __________________ or syringe
• Gases: in a graduated _______________
6. A substance is a kind of matter that is made up of only _______________ of matter. You will talk more about these in middle school, but examples include elements and compounds.
7. Mixtures are made up of ______________________ different substances that _____________ change their identities when mixed. The different substances remain the ____________ even when close together.
• Each substance keeps its _____________________________ and can be easily separated by ____________________ means
• Examples of physical means include ________________________, filtration, _____________, magnetic attraction, floatation, and chromatography.
• Examples of mixtures include ______________________________________________________.
8. Evaporation: used to separate a ________ that was dissolved in a __________. The liquid is heated until it turns to a gas, leaving the __________ behind.
• If you drop kool aid on the kitchen floor and don’t wipe it up, what happens? The water eventually disappears, but the sticky kool aid mixture remains.
9. Filtration: used to separate ____________ particles from a ___________ by pouring the mixture through a ___________________________ in a funnel. The filter ________ the solid particles and lets the water pass through.
• Examples: ___________________________, strainers/colanders in your kitchen
10. Sifting: used to separate ____________________ solid particles from _____________ solid particles. The mixture is put into a container with various sized ______________, is shaken, and then the smaller particles go through the screen and leave the larger particles in the container.
11. Magnetic attraction: used to separate _____________________ material from a mixture of other substances.
[Did you know that a “cow magnet” is given to a cow to swallow? It stays in the cow’s first stomach to keep magnetic materials like wire and other hurtful materials from going into the rest of its digestive system.]
12. Floatation: used to separate solids, which _______________, from remaining liquids in a mixture. When the liquid is stirred, the solids can be ___________________ off the surface.
13. Chromatography: used to separate and analyze _______________ in a solution. A small amount of ____________________ is placed on a piece of filter paper, which is then placed in a solvent (usually ___________).
• The solutes that dissolve _________________ will travel farther ___ the filter paper. Those that do not dissolve easily will not travel very far.
• With this method, chemicals in _____________________________ can be separated and analyzed
14. There are several types of mixtures:
• Solid-solid: ____________________________________________
• Solid-liquid: salt water, sugar water, ____________, cereal and milk
• Liquid-liquid: milk and syrup, oil and water, water and _______________________
• Gas-liquid: ______________
15. Under certain conditions, substances can ___________________ combine when mixed, and then the _______ substance formed can’t be easily _________________________ into its original parts.
• For safety reasons, _____________ combine cleaning materials. A new substance can be formed which can be harmful to ________________ and to touch.
16. A solution is a _________________________ of mixture in which the particles are evenly spread out. They ________________ together.
• The particles are so small that they can’t be ____________.
• Solutions can be separated, but not as ____________ as most mixtures.
• Can be made with ______________________________________.
17. Solutions have two (2) main parts:
• __________________- the material in the _________________ amount. It is what something gets dissolved IN and is usually a ______________. The universal (or _____________________) solvent is water or __________.
• Solute- the material in the _________________ amount. It is what ____________ dissolved in the solvent, and is usually a __________ (but can be a liquid or gas).
18. Examples of solutions include _____________________________, broth, coffee, ________________________________, bleach, vinegar.
19. All solutions are ___________________, but not all mixtures are _______________________. Think about it this way: all beagles are dogs, but not all dogs are beagles. A beagle is one type of dog, just like a solution is one type of mixture.
20. Liquid solutions are usually ______________________ or clear. However, they can be colored or colorless.
21. Solubility: the ability to be _________________. Some substances are easier to dissolve than others.
22. Factors that may affect the rate or speed the solute dissolves:
• Particle size or surface area: _______________ size will usually dissolve _______________. Think about this: would a sugar cube or a sugar packet of loose sugar dissolve easier in water? The packet because the pieces are smaller that the compacted cube. We can _____________ a substance to make it smaller.
• Stirring or ____________________ the solute in the solvent
• Temperature changes: when _____________ is increased, more solute will dissolve faster
23. Concentrated or concentration: when the solute is _________________ than the solvent, it can’t completely dissolve. The solute that does not dissolve will be ______________________________.
24. Dilute or dilution: to ______________ the strength of a solutions by __________________ it with more liquid or more _________________. Some cleaning supplies can be ___________________ with water to weaken their strength. If your tea or lemonade is too sweet, you can dilute it with water.
25. _____________________ or harmful substances in our environment result from the ___________________________________ of foreign substances in water, air, and soil. They are often created as a result of industry, agriculture, burning ________________________, and other human activities.
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