Mixtures and Solutions – Foss Kit
Study Guide for Mixtures and Solutions Test
Multiple Choice:
|separating solutions | |
|description of 3 mixture separations: gravel/water, powder/water,| |
|salt/water | |
|most soluble: | |
|citric acid, salt, Epsom salt, baking soda | |
|least soluble: | |
|citric acid, salt, Epsom salt, baking soda | |
|saturated | |
|how temperature affects saturation | |
|crystals | |
|what makes a solution have a | |
|high concentration | |
|how dilute a solution | |
|concentration | |
|evidence of a chemical reaction | |
Short Answer:
|making a solution | |
|saturated solutions | |
|concentrated solutions | |
|separating solutions | |
|evidence of chemical reactions | |
|how temperature affects saturation | |
|similarities of mixtures and solutions | |
|differences of mixtures and solutions | |
|examples of mixtures | |
|examples of solutions | |
Mixtures and Solutions – Foss Kit
Investigation 1: Separating Mixtures
1. Making and Separating Mixtures
• Mixture
─ Two or more materials stirred together
─ Chocolate Milk, cereal, trail mix, egg salad
• Property
─ A characteristic of an object
─ Something you can observe
─ Size, color, shape, texture
• Solution
─ A special mixture formed when a material dissolves in water
─ Must be transparent
─ Apple juice, salt water, tea
• Dissolve
─ Process in which one material disperses uniformly into another material
─ The first material seems to disappear
2. Separating a Salt Solution
• The mass of a mixture = the sum of its parts
3. Observing Crystals
• Evaporation
─ Liquid turns to a gas and disperses into the air
─ Leaves any dissolved material behind
• Crystal
─ The solid form of a material that can be identified by its properties (size, shape, pattern)
• When a solid evaporates, it leaves the dissolved solid material behind
• Sometimes the evaporation material forms a crystal
Investigation 2: Reaching a Solution
1. Salt Saturation
• Solvent
─ The liquid into which the solid material dissolves
─ Water is the universal solvent
• Solute
─ The material that dissolves
• Saturated Solution
─ When a solute dissolves in a solvent until no more will dissolve
• Salt will dissolve in water until it reaches saturation
• No more salt will dissolve once saturation is reached
2. Citric Acid Saturation
• Solubility
─ The property substances have of dissolving of solvents
─ Which is more soluble in water: salt or citric acid
• (citric acid is 4 times more soluble)
3. The Saturation Puzzle
• Journal:
─ Which of the 3 chemicals tested is most soluble in water? Least soluble?
4. Comparing the Crystals
• Some crystals are formed with characteristic shapes that can be used for identification
Investigation 3: Concentration
1. Soft – Drink Recipes
• Concentration
─ The amount of material dissolved in a measure of liquid
─ The more material dissolved in an amount of liquid, the more concentrated the liquid
─ Usually darker color
• Dilute
─ to make a solution less concentrated, usually by adding more water
─ usually lighter color
• Volume
─ The 3-dimensional space occupied by something
─ In this investigation it is the amount of liquid
• As the amount of solute in a solution increases, the concentration goes up
2. Salt Concentration
• When equal volumes of two solutions are compared on a balance, the heavier one is more concentrated
3. Mystery Solutions
Investigation 4: Fizz Quiz
Chemicals used:
1. Citric Acid – Sour flavor, used in sodas and candy
2. Baking Soda – Baking, antacid, fire extinguisher, deodorize fridge
3. Calcium Chloride – Salt used to melt ice
1. Chemical Reactions
• Baking soda – least soluble in water
• Precipitate
─ A solid material that forms as a product of a reaction
• Chemical reaction
─ When 2 or more materials are mixed together and a change occurs
─ A reaction forms new materials with properties that are different from the original materials
• Change – the process of becoming something different
• Sometimes when 2 or more chemicals are mixed, changes take place and new materials form
• Evidence of a chemical reaction – a change, such as heat, gas formation, or precipitate formation
2. Reaction Products
• Crystal observation
─ draw
─ listed chemicals that went into the reaction
─ list chemicals that came out of the reaction
• if a liquid is a solution, it might be separated by evaporation
3. Reaction in a Zip Bag
• Reactants
─ When 2 chemicals react when they are mixed, the chemicals are called reactants
─ In the observation made above, calcium chloride and baking soda are the reactants
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