Finding the Appeals



Finding the Appeals

In Contemporary Speeches

1. Rhetoric is _____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Purpose of Rhetorical Analysis is ________________________________________________________________

3. Aristotle taught three main strategies in an argument: ____________________________________________

4. Identifying the _______________ _________________is recognizing the use of logos, ethos, and pathos.

5. Logos is________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Pathos is_______________________________________________________________________________________

7. Ethos is________________________________________________________________________________________

Read this excerpt from an address by President George W. Bush to a joint session of Congress following the 9/11 attacks:

Notes, Main Ideas

In the normal course of events, Presidents come to this chamber to report on the state of the Union. Tonight, no such report is needed. It has already been delivered by the American people.

We have seen it in the courage of passengers, who rushed terrorists to save others on the ground—passengers like an exceptional man named Todd Beamer. And would you please help me to welcome his wife, Lisa Beamer, here tonight. We have seen the state of our Union in the endurance of rescuers, working past exhaustion. We’ve seen the unfurling of flags, the lighting of candles, the giving of blood, the saying of prayers—in English, Hebrew, and Arabic. We have seen the decency of a loving and giving people who have made the grief of strangers their own. My fellow citizens, for the last nine days, the entire world has seen for itself the state of our Union—and it is strong.

8. How do you feel about being an American when you read this passage?

9. How does the phrase “lighting of candles” express emotions?

Using the word “candles” evokes a feeling of

The word “lighting” suggests a feeling of

10. How does the phrase “giving of blood” express emotions?

This phrase creates a feeling of

The words “giving blood” remind me of

11. Write in two sentences or more the emotional appeal expressed by Bush in his address to Congress. Use evidence from the excerpt to back-up your opinion. Remember to put your evidence in quotes unless you paraphrase.

Note example: Copy down for future reference.

12.Logos is based on ______________________________________________________________________________

Read the excerpt from the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech by Albert A. Gore, Jr.

Main Ideas/Soaps

So today, we dumped another 70 million tons of global-warming pollution into the thin shell of atmosphere surrounding our planet, as if it were an open sewer. And tomorrow, we will dump a slightly larger amount, with the cumulative concentrations now trapping more and more heat from the sun….

Last September 21st, as the Northern Hemisphere tilted away from the sun, scientists reported with unprecedented alarm that the North Polar ice cap is in their words: “falling off a cliff.” One study estimated that it could be completely gone during summer in less than 22 years….

After performing 10,000 equations by hand, Svante Arrhenius calculated that the earth’s average temperature would increase by many degrees if we doubled the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Seventy years later, my teacher, Roger Revelle, and his colleague, Dave Keeling, began to precisely document the increasing CO2 levels day by day. But unlike most other forms of pollution, CO2 is invisible, tasteless, and odorless—which has helped keep the truth about what it is doing to our climate out of sight and out of mind.

13. Analyze the logical appeal from the quote that begins with “Svante Arrhenius calculated…” and ends with “increasing CO2 levels day by day.”

What do the experts bring to the article?

What does the scientific research do for Gore’s conclusion?

14. Write a sentence that identifies the logical appeal in Gore’s speech and provide text evidence.

For example: Write out the example for future reference.

Ethos is ____________________________________________________________________________________

Read the excerpt by Maya Angelou at the funeral service for Coretta Scott King.

Main Ideas/Soaps

I speak as a –a sister of a sister. Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated

on my birthday. And for over 30 years, Coretta Scott King and I have telephoned, or sent cards to each other, or flowers to each other, or met each other somewhere in the world.

We called ourselves “chosen sisters” and when we traveled to South Africa

or to the Caribbean or when she came to visit me in North Carolina or in

New York, we sat into the late evening hours, calling each other “girl.”

It’s a black woman thing, you know. And even as we reached well into

our 70th decade, we still said “girl.”

I stand here today for her family—which is my family—and for my family

and all the other families in the world who would want to be here, but

could not be here. I have beside me up here millions of people who

are living and standing straight and erect, and knowing something

about dignity without being cold and aloof, knowing something about

being contained without being unapproachable—people who have learned

something from Coretta Scott King.

15. How did reference to Dr. Martin Luther King provide credibility to Maya Angelou’s remarks?

16. If you didn’t know Maya Angelou was a world renowned speaker, how did her speech make it seem as such?

Identify the evidence from the excerpt to support your opinions above.

17. Angelou emphasizes her relationship with Mrs. King, and therefore her qualifications to speak, by referring to herself and King as “______________” and also as “a ___________ ____ ____ ____________.” Through Angelou’s first person reference and racial affiliation, Angelou makes it clear that she is qualified to speak to others that cared about Mrs. King as much as Angelou. (Fill in the blanks)

Choose one of the excerpts we have used and write a paragraph that analyzes the use of 2 of the appeals in rhetoric. Make sure you include evidence to support your opinion. Do not write in 1st person only 3rd person. Use the chart on the back to help you organize your ideas before you write your paragraph. You may write the rough draft of your paragraph on the back of this paper.

|Quotation |Appeal Being Used |How does the appeal strengthen the argument? |

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Paragraph below:

Topic Sentence ___________________________________________________________________________________

1st appeal used and evidence

Commentary

2nd appeal used and evidence

Commentary

Concluding Sentence

Exchange your paragraph with a neighbor and check for use of appeals ______, text evidence _______, and commentary _______. After it has been checked, then rewrite it to turn in.

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