Management of PET Plastic Bottles Waste Through Recycling In ... - IAEA

Sudan Academy o f Science

E n g in e e rin g R esearch A n d In d u strial T ech n o lo g y C o u n cil

Management of PET Plastic Bottles

Waste Through Recycling In

Khartoum State

t

A Thesis subm itted in partial fulfillm ent o f the requirem ent for

the degree o f M aster o f Science in Cleaner Production

By:

N abeel Bedawi Ismail Fadlalla

B.Sc(hon),chem .. Eng-U o f K. 1975

Supervisor :

Dr.Kam al Eldin Eltayb Yassin

O ctober 2010

A cknow ledgem ent

I would like to express my gratitude to my friend and supervisor Dr. Kamal

Eldin Eltayeb Yassin, who encouraged me to undertake this study.

This study could not have been successful without the valuable input o f the

various stakeholders. I would like to thank them all for sparing their valuable time to

participate in the m eetings and interviews.

I would like to appreciate the efforts o f my friends Awad Eltom and

M ohamed Yahia in providing me with the need contacts and access to Sudan Bank

and Customs Authorities.

A special thanks to my family my parents and wife for their encouragement

and thanks also extended to my sons M ohamed and Ahmed for their assistance.

Abstract

Abstract

This study has been carried out to assess the general waste m anagement in

Khartoum State and effectively manage the PET plastic bottles by identifying

practical m eans and introducing recycling as cleaner production tool to achieve

sustainable developm ent goals.

The inform ation/ data were gathered during the period June - July 2010

through questionnaires, interviews, meetings and visits to various sites, in addition to

the official information and documents collected from reliable sources, mainly Sudan

Central Bank, Custom s Authorities, Ministry o f Industry, soft drink and water bottling

factories.

The data were presented in tables, graphs and charts by applying W indows

Excel Program and also applying Eview Package for the future forecast. Analysis o f

data shows a rising consumption in PET bottles and the forecasted PET consumption

in year 2015 estim ated to be 60000Tons, twice the estimate in the year 2010. This

situation will create serious environmental problems that require much more effort to

be exerted by all stakeholders to look for scientific and practical solutions for the

disposal o f plastic waste through recycling.

Based on the analysis and findings recom mendations have been made that

ensure on recycling o f PET plastic bottles by mechanical method that depends mainly

on collection, segregation, cleaning and processing. Further studies and researches on

other recycling methods have been recommended in the future.

II

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Table of Content

Table of Contents

Acknowledgm ent

I

Abstract

II

Arabic Abstract

III

Content

IV

List o f Tables

VII

List o f Figures

VIII

IX

ABBREVIATIONS

CHAPTER ONE: INTRO DUCTIO N

1.1 General

1

1.2 Objectives

3

CH APTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Background

4

2.2 Com m on Therm oplastics

6

2.2.1 Polyethylenes

9

2.2.2 Polypropylene

13

2.2.3 Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

16

2.2.4 Polystyrene

18

21

2.3 Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)

2.3.1 General

21

2.3.2 Uses

23

2.3.3 Intrinsic Viscosity

24

2.3.4 Drying

25

2.3.5 Copolym ers

26

2.3.6 Crystals

27

2.3.7 Degradation

28

2.3.8 Antimony

29

2.3.9 Bottle Processing Equipment

29

2.4 Therm oplastic Products M anufacture

30

30

2.4.1 General

IV

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