Name_________________________________________________ Date



Name_________________________________________________ Date____________________

Unit 3 Introduction

Essential Question 1: How does literature shape or reflect?

A. DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions about the first Essential Question in the Introduction, about the relationship between the writer and society. All the information you need is in the Unit 3 Introduction in your textbook.

1. Literary Forms for Expressing Social and Political Issues

a. What were spirituals and what did they communicate? ________________________________

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b. Give examples of autobiographical writings of the period. _____________________________

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c. Muckrakers focused on revealing _________________________________________________

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2. Popular Literature

a. What do “rags-to riches” stories tell about? _________________________________________

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b. The surprise ends of O. Henry’s short stories stress ___________________________________

c. Give two examples of popular “escapist” writers. ____________________________________

3. Realism, Naturalism, and the Social and Political Issues

a. How did the Civil War change American optimism? __________________________________

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b. The fiction of Realism depicted __________________________________________________

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c. Two poets who wrote of ordinary people were _______________________________________

d. Writers of the Naturalist movement took Realism a step further by ______________________

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B. DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions that include the Essential Question Vocabulary words.

1. What did spirituals like “Go Down, Moses” lament in society? _________________________

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2. As industry grew, how did industrial-age American society feel about the western frontier?

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3. What level of society would Mark Twain’s realistic vernacular dialogue portray? __________

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Name_________________________________________________ Date____________________

Unit 3 Introduction

Essential Question 2: What is the relationship between place and literature?

A. DIRECTIONS: On the lines provided, answer the questions about the second Essential Question in the Introduction, about the relationship between place and literature. All the information you need is in the Unit 3 Introduction in your textbook.

1. Northern Writers and the Physical Environment

a. Technological advances in the North encouraged people to _____________________________

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b. What issues caused by urban growth did Civil-War-era writers focus on? _________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2. Southern Writers and the Physical Environment

a. How did the Civil War change the physical environment in the South? ___________________

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b. In contrast to Northern writers, Southern writers focused more on _______________________

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3. Expressions of Place in Civil-War-Era Writing

a. “Local color” writing featured ___________________________________________________

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b. Give examples of local color writers. ______________________________________________

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c. Give examples of writers who used urban settings. ___________________________________

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B. DIRECTIONS: Complete the sentence stems based on the Essential Question Vocabulary words.

1. Mining California’s resources, Bret Harte wrote _____________________________________

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2. Edith Wharton wrote urban novels about ___________________________________________

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3. Two regional writers exploring Midwestern rural society were __________________________

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Name_________________________________________________ Date____________________

Unit 3 Introduction

Essential Question 3: What makes American literature American?

A. DIRECTIONS: On the lines provided, answer the questions about the third Essential Question

in the Introduction, about what makes American literature American. All the information you

need is in the Unit 3 Introduction in your textbook.

1. Literary Elements Contributing to the American Style

a. Give examples of the types of settings to be found in American literature at this time.

______________________________________________________________________________

b. What two types of speech were typical of American writing? ___________________________

c. In American writing, humor often served the purpose of _______________________________

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2. Roles of Civil-War Era Writers

a. In contrast to Romantic writers, Realistic writers _____________________________________

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b. What did writers who specialized in local color depict, and how? ________________________

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c. What were some European influences on Naturalistic American writers? __________________

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d. Naturalistic writers believed that human behavior was controlled by _____________________

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3. Turn-of-the-Century America as Portrayed in Literature

a. The Romantic beliefs of the American Renaissance had given way to ____________________

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b. What view of war replaced the idealism of “Old Ironsides”? ____________________________

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c. Emerson’s self-reliance was succeeded by __________________________________________

d. Exceptional heroes were being replaced by _________________________________________

e. What attitude toward science is revealed in the millions visiting the 1893 World’s Fair in

Chicago? ______________________________________________________________________

B. DIRECTIONS: Complete the sentence stems based on the Essential Question Vocabulary words.

1. Expressing pessimism about self-reliance were ______________________________________

2. American writing grew more realistic after _________________________________________

3. Americans sought a fortune of gold in _____________________________________________

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