Name_________________________________________________ Date
Name_________________________________________________ Date____________________
Unit 3 Introduction
Essential Question 1: How does literature shape or reflect?
A. DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions about the first Essential Question in the Introduction, about the relationship between the writer and society. All the information you need is in the Unit 3 Introduction in your textbook.
1. Literary Forms for Expressing Social and Political Issues
a. What were spirituals and what did they communicate? ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. Give examples of autobiographical writings of the period. _____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Muckrakers focused on revealing _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Popular Literature
a. What do “rags-to riches” stories tell about? _________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. The surprise ends of O. Henry’s short stories stress ___________________________________
c. Give two examples of popular “escapist” writers. ____________________________________
3. Realism, Naturalism, and the Social and Political Issues
a. How did the Civil War change American optimism? __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. The fiction of Realism depicted __________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Two poets who wrote of ordinary people were _______________________________________
d. Writers of the Naturalist movement took Realism a step further by ______________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions that include the Essential Question Vocabulary words.
1. What did spirituals like “Go Down, Moses” lament in society? _________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. As industry grew, how did industrial-age American society feel about the western frontier?
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What level of society would Mark Twain’s realistic vernacular dialogue portray? __________
______________________________________________________________________________
Name_________________________________________________ Date____________________
Unit 3 Introduction
Essential Question 2: What is the relationship between place and literature?
A. DIRECTIONS: On the lines provided, answer the questions about the second Essential Question in the Introduction, about the relationship between place and literature. All the information you need is in the Unit 3 Introduction in your textbook.
1. Northern Writers and the Physical Environment
a. Technological advances in the North encouraged people to _____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. What issues caused by urban growth did Civil-War-era writers focus on? _________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Southern Writers and the Physical Environment
a. How did the Civil War change the physical environment in the South? ___________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. In contrast to Northern writers, Southern writers focused more on _______________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Expressions of Place in Civil-War-Era Writing
a. “Local color” writing featured ___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. Give examples of local color writers. ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Give examples of writers who used urban settings. ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. DIRECTIONS: Complete the sentence stems based on the Essential Question Vocabulary words.
1. Mining California’s resources, Bret Harte wrote _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Edith Wharton wrote urban novels about ___________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Two regional writers exploring Midwestern rural society were __________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Name_________________________________________________ Date____________________
Unit 3 Introduction
Essential Question 3: What makes American literature American?
A. DIRECTIONS: On the lines provided, answer the questions about the third Essential Question
in the Introduction, about what makes American literature American. All the information you
need is in the Unit 3 Introduction in your textbook.
1. Literary Elements Contributing to the American Style
a. Give examples of the types of settings to be found in American literature at this time.
______________________________________________________________________________
b. What two types of speech were typical of American writing? ___________________________
c. In American writing, humor often served the purpose of _______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Roles of Civil-War Era Writers
a. In contrast to Romantic writers, Realistic writers _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. What did writers who specialized in local color depict, and how? ________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. What were some European influences on Naturalistic American writers? __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
d. Naturalistic writers believed that human behavior was controlled by _____________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Turn-of-the-Century America as Portrayed in Literature
a. The Romantic beliefs of the American Renaissance had given way to ____________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. What view of war replaced the idealism of “Old Ironsides”? ____________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. Emerson’s self-reliance was succeeded by __________________________________________
d. Exceptional heroes were being replaced by _________________________________________
e. What attitude toward science is revealed in the millions visiting the 1893 World’s Fair in
Chicago? ______________________________________________________________________
B. DIRECTIONS: Complete the sentence stems based on the Essential Question Vocabulary words.
1. Expressing pessimism about self-reliance were ______________________________________
2. American writing grew more realistic after _________________________________________
3. Americans sought a fortune of gold in _____________________________________________
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