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BIOLOGYMeasurement Topics: 1, 2, 3What is Science, Science Process, Theories/Laws/Models Assessment Form ADirections: Select the lettered choice that best answers each question.1.Many theories exist in the life sciences. Which of the following statements best describes a scientific theory?A.It is a general statement that is supported by many scientific hypotheses.B.It is a scientific fact that no longer requires any evidence to support it.C.It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a hypothesis.D.It is an educated guess that can be tested by experimentation.2.The diagram below represents a thermometer that is inside an incubator.A student needs to incubate a bacterial culture at 43°C. According to the reading on the thermometer, how many degrees must the temperature in the incubator be increased to in order to reach this temperature?A.3°CB.6°CC.9°CD.12°C3.What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?A.It is a way to create experimental errors.B.It allows you to make a comparisonC.It allows scientists to remain calm during an accidentD.It is a way to stop the progress of the experiment.4.A student conducted an experiment to determine if the freezing point of water is affected when sugar is added to the water. He used three beakers, each filled with 1 cup of water. He added 3 teaspoons of sugar in the first beaker of water, 1 teaspoon of sugar in the second, and no sugar in the last beaker. He then cooled each beaker of water and recorded the freezing temperatures.What is the control in this experiment?A.The water that contained 1 teaspoon of sugarB.The water that contained 3 teaspoons of sugarC.The water that contained no sugarD.The sugar5.Use the graph to answer the following question. When were there more than 200 beetles in the area?A.Between 1996 and 2002B.Between 1992 and 1996C.Before 1995D.After 20026.A graduated cylinder containing water is shown in diagram A below. Pea seeds were dropped into the cylinder, as shown in diagram B below.What is the volume of water displaced (changed) by the seeds?A.14 mLB.15 mLC. 5 mLD. 4 mL7.Anita learned in chemistry class that temperature is a major factor in determining the rate of a chemical reaction. To investigate the effects of temperature on reaction rate, Anita decided to time a chemical reaction at several different temperatures. Anita's results are presented in the chart below.How does an increase in temperature of 10 degrees Celsius (°C) affect the time needed to complete the reaction?A.Time is cut in halfB.Time is doubledC.Time is decreased by 20 secondsD.Time is increased by 20 seconds8.Julie is trying to win a competition for the tallest sunflower at this year's state fair. In order to figure out the best way to grow the tallest one, Julie planted six sunflowers, each in its own pot. Julie collected data on the growth of each plant. Each flower was planted in the same soil and received the same amount of water and sunlight each day. Five of the flowers each received a different type of fertilizer, and one received none at all. What was the dependent (outcome) variable in the experiment?A.The type of fertilizer usedB.The height of each plantC.The amount of water and sunlight received by each plantD.The plant that did not receive any fertilizer9.A scientific study showed that the depth at which algae were found in a lake varied from day to day. On clear days, the algae were found as much as 6 meters below the surface of the water but were only 1 meter below the surface on cloudy days. Which hypothesis best explains these observations?A.Nitrogen concentration affects the growth of algae.B.Wind currents affect the growth of algae.C.Precipitation affects the growth of algae.D.Light intensity affects the growth of algae.10.Hurricanes are a major threat to people and property in the state of Florida. Recent years have seen a number of extremely powerful storms strike Florida, causing a great deal of damage and property loss. Citizens of Florida are urged to listen to newscasts as storms approach for the latest information. Meteorologists provide viewers with observations and storm data, and they sometimes make inferences about the storms. Which statement about a major hurricane is an inference?A.The hurricane's windspeed is measured at 200 kilometers per hour.B.The storm's central air pressure is recorded at 932.0 millibars.C.A rain gauge has recorded three and one-half inches of rain in less than one hour.D.Damage from the storm is expected to be extensive.11.Which procedure would most likely provide valid results in a test to determine if drug A would be effective in treating cancer in white mice?A.injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X into 100 white mice without cancerB.injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancerC.injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 1 mL of distilled water into another group of 100 white mice with cancerD.injecting 1 mL of drug A into 100 white mice with cancer and 0.5 mL of drug X into another group of 100 white mice with cancer12.An experiment was carried out to determine whether drinking caffeinated soda increases pulse rate. The pulse rates of two groups of 50 people at rest were measured. Group A was then given caffeinated soda and group B was given caffeine-free soda. One hour after drinking the soda, the pulse rates were measured. The participants in the experiment were all the same age, and they were all given the same amount of soda. Which of the following is NOT a constant?A.Type of the sodaB.Amount of sodaC.Amount of peopleD.Age of the people13.The table below shows an effect of secondhand smoke on the birth weight of babies.Based on these data, what is a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn about inhaling secondhand smoke during pregnancy?A.Inhaling secondhand smoke causes mutations in cells of the ovaries.B.Inhaling secondhand smoke blocks the receptors on antibody cells.C.Inhaling secondhand smoke does not affect the fetus (baby).D.Inhaling secondhand smoke slows the growth of the fetus (baby).14.A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not germinate (sprout) unless they were exposed to darkness. The student planted 10 lettuce seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 lettuce seeds on top of the soil. The student found that 9 of the seeds under the soil sprouted, while 8 of the seeds left on top of the soil sprouted. Which of the following would most likely allow the student to improve the validity of these results?A.Revising the hypothesisB.Concluding that light is necessary for lettuce seed germinationC.Determining that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germinationD.Repeating the experiment15.A number of roads run through the Ocala National Forest in north Florida. A biologist wants to know how automobile traffic affects the raccoon population in the forest. Which of the following should he use to determine how the raccoon population is impacted?A.A set of observations about the behavior of raccoons in the forestB.A map to determine which ecosystems the roads in the forest crossC.A software program that maps the average numbers of raccoon births, deaths, and traffic-related injuriesD.A set of data about the sources of foods of raccoons in the forest16.Which source would provide the most reliable information about the effects of antibiotics on disease-causing bacteria?A.The local news section of a newspaperB.A current science journal article on the control of diseaseC.An article in a weekly news magazine about reproduction in virusesD.A news program on national television about diseases in plants17.Jose is designing an experiment to test the growth of plants influenced by different types of music. His supplies for the experiment include pint containers, one liter of potting soil, 25 milliliters of water each day, six hours of sunlight, and six flowering plants—a daisy, a petunia, a geranium, a snap dragon, a begonia, and a violet. He used the following types of music: children's lullaby, classical, reggae, country, heavy metal, and no music. What did he do wrong in the experiment?A.He didn't have enough soil for the plants.B.He didn't know how to measure the plants.C.He used too many types of music.D.He needed to use the same type of plant.18.A student conducted an experiment to determine which mouthwash was most effective against bacterial growth. She dipped each of four paper discs (A, B, C, and D) into a different brand of mouthwash. She then placed the discs onto the surfaces of identical culture plates that contained food, moisture, and bacteria commonly found in the mouth. The illustration below shows the four discs as viewed under a microscope after 24 hours. The paper discs are represented by white circles. The shaded region represents the area where bacteria were present.Which of the following actions would have most likely improved the experiment?A.Using the same type of mouthwash on each discB.Using the same size paper discs to test each brand of mouthwashC.Using different amounts of mouthwash on each discD.Using smaller plates that contained less food and moisture19.In the above experiment (Question # 18), what is the independent (test) variable?A.Bacterial growthB.The four discsC.The different mouthwashD.The amount of moisture20.The effect of temperature on the relative rate of action of an enzyme is represented in the graph below.What is the optimum (best) temperature for the action of this enzyme?A.15°CB.22°CC.37°CD.50°C21.According to the graph in question 20, what is the dependent (outcome) variable?A.EnzymeB.TemperatureC.ActionD.Relative Rate of Enzyme ActivityDirections: Read the paragraph below and use the information to answer questions 22-25.Stephanie is conducting experiments to find out how the characteristics of kites affect their performance. She plans to make kites in two different shapes. She and a friend will each fly one kite at the same time and location to ensure that the weather conditions are the same. The two kites will have the same surface area and the same mass, but one will be shaped like a diamond, while the other will be shaped like a boomerang. Stephanie will use the same materials to make both shapes. In her first trial, Stephanie and her friend fly a diamond-shaped kite and a boomerang-shaped kite. In the second trial, Stephanie and her friend fly two diamond-shaped kites, one of which has a tail attached to it.22.What was the independent (test) variable in Stephanie's first trial?A.Maximum heightB.Wind speedC.Kite shapeD.Use of tail23.What was the independent (test) variable in Stephanie's second trial?A.Use of tailB.Surface areaC.Kite shapeD.Wind speed24.What was the dependent (outcome) variable in Stephanie's second trial?A.The amount of windB.How well the kite performedC.How big the wasD.The location of the flight25.The specific parts of the experiment above (surface area and mass) that are kept consistent or the same are the called the ____________?A.HypothesisB.ConclusionC.VariableD.Constants ................
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