Timeline for British History to 1688 - University of Michigan
Timeline for British History to 1688
55, 54 B.C. Julius Caesar invades Britain
6? B.C Jesus of Nazareth born
43 A.D. Britain occupied under Claudius
61 Boudicca’s rebellion in Britain crushed by Suetonius
122 Hadrian’s Wall built in Britain against the Picts
140c. Antonine Wall built in Britain; abandoned c. 163
313 Edict of Milan allows for the liberty for the cult of Christianity
396-8 Roman victories in Britain against Picts, Scots, and Saxons
410 Visigoths, led by Alaric, sack Rome
410 Romans evacuate Britain
476c Saxon settlements in Sussex
500c British victory over Saxons at Badon Hill
590 Gregory the Great elected pope (590-604)
597 (St.) Augustine’s mission to England
664 Synod of Whitby: Roman practice imposed
731 (St.)Bede writes Ecclesiastical History
756 Irish Book of Kells
794 Viking raids on England and Ireland; Jarrow and Iona sacked
812c Beowulf, Anglo-Saxon poem
869 St. Edmund murdered by the Danes
871 Alfred the Great king of Wessex (871-99)
1003 Swein Forkbeard, king of Denmark attacks England and takes London
1017 Cnut becomes king of England and Denmark (1017-35)
1042 Edward the Confessor, king of England (1042-66)
1066 Normans invade England; William I defeats Harold at Hastings
1069 Harrowing of the North by William I
1086 Domesday survey in England
1073 Hildebrand becomes Pope Gregory VII; Gregorian Reforms of the Church
1077 Bayeux Tapestry illustrates the Norman conquest of England
1094 (St.) Anselm writes “Cur Deus Homo?”
1095 Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade
1136 Geoffrey of Monmouth writes “History of the Kings of Britain”
1170 Thomas Becket murdered by king Henry II
1180 The longbow used in Wales
1198 Innocent III pope (1198-1216); height of papal power and prestige
1199 John I king of England (1199-1216)
1209 Cambridge University founded
1215 John I accepts Magna Carta from barons
1258 Provisions of Oxford limit royal power in England
1272 Edward I (1272-1307) begins the conquest of Wales
1290 Jews expelled from England
1297 William Wallace defeat English army at Stirling Bridge
1305 Edward I executes Wallace
1314 Robert Bruce defeats English at Bannockburn
1338 Edward III claims the French throne and the Hundred Years War begins
1340 Battle of Sluys; English gain control of the English Channel
1346 Battle of Crecy, English victory, cannon used, Calais occupied
1348 Black Death arrives in England, one-third of population dies
1351 English “Statute of Labourers” seeks to uphold feudalism
1353 Ottoman Turks enter Europe
1356 Edward the Black Prince wins at Poitiers, French king John II captured
1364 William Langland writes “Piers Plowman”
1381 Peasants’ Revolt in England, Wat Tyler defeated, poll tax withdrawn
1382 Lollards (John Wycliffe) condemned
1387 Geoffrey Chaucer writes “Canterbury Tales”
1396 Truce in Hundred Years War
1399 Richard II deposed and murdered; Bollingbroke Henry IV (1399-1413)
1413 Henry V king of England (1413-22)
1415 Henry V wins at Agincourt, occupies Normandy
1429 Joan of Arc relieves Orleans
1431 Joan of Arc burned at the stake in Rouen
1450 Jack Cade’s peasant rebellion suppressed
1453 Hundred Years War ends, English War of the Roses begins, Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks
1456c. Gutenberg Bible: first printed book
1460 Richard of York killed at Wakefield
1461 Edward of York seizes English throne as Edward IV (1461-83)
1471 Lancastrians defeated at Tewksbury, Henry VI killed, Edward IV accepted (1471-83)
1483 Edward V; Richard III king of England (1483-5)
1485 Henry Tudor defeats Richard III at Bosworth, becomes Henry VII
1509 Henry VIII king of England (1509-47)
1517 Martin Luther’s 95 Theses begin the Protestan Reformation in Germany
1529 Fall of English Chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey
1533 Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn
1534 English “Act of Supremacy,” break with the papacy
1535 John Calvin in Geneva
1536 Dissolution of English and Welsh monasteries
1540 Henry VIII tries to impose political and religious settlement on Ireland
1543 Nicolaus Copernicus writes “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres”
1545 Council of Trent convoked to reform the Catholic Church (1545-63)
1547 Edward VI king of England (1547-53)
1553 Mary Tudor queen of England (1553-8), brief Catholic restoration
1558 France recaptures Calais from England, Elizabeth I queen (1558-98)
1559 John Knox active in Scotland
1600c Tobacco enters Europe
1562 French Wars of Religion begin
1563 Religious settlement in England; 39 Articles
1567 Mary Queen of Scots flees to England
1570 Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth I
1577 Francis Drake’s voyage around the world begins
1587 Mary Queen of Scots executed
1588 Spanish Armada defeated
1594 Bad harvests in England (1594-7)
1600 Rebellion of Essex against Elizabeth I
1602 William Shakespeare composes “Hamlet”
1605 Gunpowder Plot in English Parliament
1607 Virginia settled by British
1610 Ulster planted with English and Scottish settlers
1618 Thirty Years War begins in Europe
1625 Charles I king of England (1625-49)
1627 Britain and France at war (1627-9)
1629 Charles I governs without Parliament
1633 William Laud elected Bp. of Canterbury; opposes Puritans in Britain
1637 Charles I faces crisis in Scotland over new liturgy
1640 Long Parliament begins
1642 First English Civil War begins
1644 Charles I defeated at Marston Moor
1645 New Model Army formed
1646 Charles I defeated at Naseby, War ends
1647 Leveller influence in the army
1648 Second Civil War, Charles I accepts defeat
1659 Charles I executed
1659 Cromwell’s massacre at Drogheda, Ireland
1652 First Anglo-Dutch War, Cromwell conquers the Scots
1653 Oliver Cromwell “Protector” (1653-8)
1660 Charles II restored as King (1660-85)
1662 Royal Society in London
1664 Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664–7)
1665 Great Plague of London
1666 Fire of London
1666-7 Isaac Newton invents differential calculus
1672 Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–4)
1688 English “Glorious Revolution,” William (1689–1702) and
Mary (1689–94) reign
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