DPS GUWAHATI
819150-365760Chapter 23: Study of PlantsFrom 5.10.20 to 10.10.20Class: V Subject : EVS Session 2020-21 ( PERIODIC TEST -II PORTION)CHAPTER-23Study of PlantsE-BOOK LINKmillenniumbooksource.page.link PILEChlorophyll, fibrous root, minerals, microscope, photosynthesis, pigment, stomata, lamina, starch, annual, biennial, perennial, reproduce, structures, fertilisation, stamen, filaments, anther, pollen grains, carpel, stigma, ovules, fragrance, pollination, embryo, cotyledons, radical, plumule, germination, development, conditions, warmth, vegetative propagation, bryophyllum. ACTIVITY1. Draw, label and colour the structure of a leaf, tap root and fibrous root, parts of a flower.2. Observe the process of germination and draw, colour and label the different stages of germination.HOMEWORK QUESTIONSTO BE DONE IN EVS COPYAnswer the following:1) How is food stored in plants?2) Differentiate between annual and biennial plants.3) What is the function of a flower?4) Which part of the seed store food for the embryo?VIDEO E-LINK:Types of Roots and their Functions: to show that stem carries water in plants: Stomata: of a Flower: of Seed: Reproduction: POINTSCHAPTER-23: STUDY OF PLANTSPlants are living beings. Their body is made up of different parts. Each part has a definite function to perform.Plants are a source of food for all living things, be it humans or animals.Plants not only produce food for us but also provide us with oxygen to breathe in.Different parts of the plants take part collectively as one unit to make food and oxygen.Although the different plants look different from each other, their roots, leaves and stem performs the same functions.Parts of a plant:Root:The root is the part of the plant that remains under the ground.Roots may be single or a group of small roots.Functions of roots:Roots fix the plant firmly in the soil. They help to keep the plant upright.Roots absorb water and minerals present in the soil and transfer them to various parts of the plant.Roots bind the soil and hold it in place.Some roots can store food within themselves like carrot, radish etc.Types of roots:There are mainly two types of roots: a)Tap root b)Fibrous root.Tap root: It is the main, long and thick root attached to the stem and many thinner roots grow out from the main root. Egs: bean, tea plants, peepal etc. have tap root.Fibrous root: It is a group of equal-sized roots attached at the end of the stem. There is no main root. Egs. wheat, rice etc. have fibrous root.Stem:The stem is the part of the plant that grows above the soil. It bears branches on which leaves and flowers grow.Functions of stem:The stem has many tube-like structures inside it.The main function of these structures is to transfer water, minerals and food within various parts of the plant.The stem supports the plant above the ground.Types of stem:Trees: Plants that have very thick, hard and strong woody centre stem called trunk. Trunk supports the plant to stay upright. They are called trees. Egs: Neem, mango trees.Shrubs: Plants which have hard stems and many branches may arise from the base of the stem are called shrubs. Egs: henna plants, rose plants etc.Herbs: Plants that have green and soft stems are called herbs. Egs: wheat, mint, etc.Climbers: Plants that have very weak stem and need support to stay upright are called as climbers. Egs: grapes, money plants etc.Creepers: Plants that have weak stem and spread on the ground are called creepers. Egs: pumpkin, watermelon etc.Underground stems: Some stems like potatoes, ginger, etc., store extra food in them are called underground stems.Leaf:Leaves of most plants are broad and flat but there is a great variety in their shape and size.The flat broad part of the leaf is called the leaf blade. In the middle of the leaf blade is the main vein and several side veins come out of it.The veins bring water to the leaves and carry food from the leaves.Leaves are the kitchen of a plant. The leaves are green colour because they have a green substance inside it called chlorophyll.Only the part that contains chlorophyll can make food for the plant.Apart from chlorophyll, leaves need sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food.Chlorophyll help the plant to absorb sunlight. Leaves have many tiny pores called stomata that help in the exchange of gases ( carbon dioxide and oxygen) in making food.More pores are present on the lower surface, than upper surface so that the evaporation does not happen when the sun light is strong.Photosynthesis: The process of making food by the leaves using carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is called photosynthesis.”Photo” means light and “synthesis” means putting together.Storage and distribution of food:Some part of the food is used by the plants to produce energy for its survival and growth.The rest of the food is stored in the form of starch in different parts of the plant. Animals use this stored plant food.Life cycle of a plant:Most plants begin life by germinating from a seed. As soon as plants first leaves appear, it starts using sunlight to grow.When the plant is old enough, it produces flowers and uses these to make seeds of its own.Based on the duration for which plants live, they can be classified as:Annual plants: Plants that live for one year are called annual plants. Egs: wheat, sunflower plants, paddy, gram etc.Biennial plants: Plants whose life cycle requires two years or two seasons are called biennial plants. Egs: carrots, potatoes etc.Perennial plants: Plants that live for many years are called perennial plants. Egs. Mango, neem and banyan trees. Flower:The most fascinating structure of the plant is the flower, whose most important work is to make seeds from which new plants can grow.Parts of a flower:Plants grow flowers in order to reproduce.The centre of a flower produces seeds for the plant. These are protected by an outer layer of colourful petals. The colour and smell of the petals attract the insects towards the flower.Green leaf-like structures at the base of a flower are called sepals. They protect the bud.The male part of the flower, stamen is made of identical filaments with a swollen head at the top called anther. It is covered with a yellow powder like substance called pollen grains.All female parts together are called carpel. It is located at the centre of the flower with the ovary at the base, where tiny ovules are produced. When the ovary becomes a fruit, these ovules become the seeds inside it.Stigma, the part which receives the pollen, is attached to the ovary by style.Pollination:The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. Insects like butterflies, honeybees, bumblebees, moths help the plant in pollination.Pollen grains grow a tube through the style to reach the ovary. There they fuse with the ovules in a process called fertilization.The ovules then start growing into seeds and the ovary as a whole becomes a fruit. As the fruit matures or ripens, the petals dry up and fall off.Seed:A seed is a tiny life support package that gives rise to a new plant.A seed can be a pip (apple) or a nut (walnut) or a bean (pea, pulses). A pine cone also has seeds inside it.Parts of a seed:The outer covering of a seed is called seed coat.The seed coat protects the seed till the conditions are favourable for its germination.Inside it is an embryo that consists of the basic parts from which the seedlings develop.Food is needed by the embryo for growth. It is packed in special seed leaves known as cotyledons.Cotyledons store food for the embryo.Seeds that have two cotyledons or two seed leaves and are called dicot seeds. Egs. Gram, peas etc.Seeds that have one cotyledon or one seed leaf and are called monocot seeds.Egs. Rice, wheat etc.Germination of a seed:Germination: The process of development of a seed of a seed into seedling is called germination. The conditions necessary for germination are water, air, warmth..During germination, the seeds absorb water and the cells of the embryo start dividing and it increases in size.As the seed coat breaks open,, first, the root system or radicle sprouts and grows, followed by the growth of shoot or plumule, which will produce the stem and leaves.For seeds to germinate the essential conditions are water, air and warmth.Vegetative Reproduction:The method of reproduction in which new plants grow from different parts of their parent plant like root, stem or leaves is known as vegetative reproduction.Stem cuttings: Egs. rose, sugarcane, money plantUnderground stem: Egs. potato, ginger etc . Potato has buds or eyes that give rise to new plants.Roots: Egs. carrots, radishes etcLeaves: Eg. Bryophyllum. Small plantlets grow on the notches (fringes) of leaves and eventually fall off and grow into new plants.Class work Questions will be shared in the WhatsApp group of each class as PDF.__________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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