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Lesson 1: Greek Culture - The Greeks made many advancements that continue to shape our world.You have learned that the ancient Greeks formed ___________________________________________________________________What are city-states? __________________________________________________________________________________________Although city-states separated Greece __________________________, the Greek people were united by a _____________________ _________________________. They spoke the ____________________________________________________. They shared many _____________ &_____________________. The Greek people also believed many of the same ____________________________. What are myths? _____________________________________________________________________________________________Greek myths expressed the _____________________________________________________________________________________In Greek myths, the gods have great powers, but they look and act like __________________________________________________Greeks believed that the ____________ most important gods and goddesses lived on ______________________________________Who was the king of the Olympian gods? _______________________________. Athena was the goddess of ___________________ &_______________________. ______________________ was worshipped as the god of the sun & ________________________. _______________________________________ was the goddess of love. Two fierce gods were ____________________, the god of ______________ and Poseidon, the god of the __________________________ and _______________________________________.All Greeks worshipped _______________ as their chief god but each city-state also chose one god or goddess as its ______________What is a ritual? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ honoring the gods and goddesses were an important part of _____________________________ life. Every four years, Greek athletes took part in ________________________________________________________. These games were “____________________________________________________.” What city were these games held in? _________________.What were these games called? _______________________________________________. The Greeks believed their gods would be pleased if people showed skill in the _________________, in ________________________, or in ____________________________.The Greeks believed that each person had a _________________ or ____________________________. What does prophecy mean? _________________________________________________. The Greeks believed that the gods gave prophecies to _____________ _____________________________________________. To find out about the future, many Greeks visited an __________________What is an oracle? ____________________________________________________________________________________________The most famous was the oracle at the ____________________________________________________________________________Greek _________________&______________________ are some of the oldest literature in Western civilization. The first Greek stories were _______________________. Two great epics of ancient Greece were the __________________________________ & the __________________________________. The poet _____________________based these epics on stories about a war between Greece and the city of __________________________.In the _________________________, a prince of Troy falls in love with ____________________, the wife of a Greek king, and kidnaps her. In order to get into the city, the Greeks trick the __________________________ & construct a huge, hollow __________________________________. What does construct mean? _________________________________________________The Odyssey tells the story of ______________________________, a Greek hero of the _________________________________. He faces _____________________, ____________________, & ______________________ along the way. It takes Odysseus _________ _____________ to accomplish his arrival in ________________________. Today, people use the word ________________________ a word taken from his name, to describe a _________________________________________. Greeks believed the ______________ & ________________________________ were more than stories. Homer’s stories taught ___________________&______________Have you heard the stories “_________________________________” or “_______________________________________________”These stories have traditionally been credited to a man named ___________________________. These stories are known as ___________________________________. What is a fable? __________________________________________________________What is the moral of the story in the “Hare and the Tortoise”? _________________________________________________________Aesop’s fables were told during the time that is known as the __________________________________________ of Greece. During this period, ________________, ______________________, ______________________ & ________________________ flourished.The ancient Greeks created and performed the ________________________________. A drama is a story told mainly through the _______________ & ___________________ of a cast of ____________________________. What is the definition of a drama? _______________________________________________. Greek drama can be divided into two categories: ___________________ & _______________________________. What is a tragedy? __________________________________________________________What is a comedy? ____________________________________________________________________________________________During the 5th century B.C., four writers emerged as the greatest Greek dramatists, or ________________: _____________________ &____________________________&_______________________________&____________________________________________________________________________________ was the earliest Greek dramatist. One of his dramas is a set of three plays called the __________________________________. The Oresteia is a story about ___________________&____________________________. _____________________________ was a great Athenian writer. In his play __________________________, Sophocles questions whether it is better to ______________________________ or to do what one ____________________________________________Unlike Aeschylus & ___________________, ___________________wrote about ordinary human beings in _____________________ _________________________________. His plays often show the suffering caused _______________________________________In ancient Greece, however, only _________________________________ could be actors. Even female characters were played by ______________________________________. The most famous writer of Greek comedies was ___________________________. In early Greek dramas, a group of performers, called the __________________, presented the story through __________________ and ______________________________. What does conflicts mean? __________________________________________________The ancient Greeks excelled in the ___________________&________________________. They created works that expressed the ideals of _______________, ___________________, & __________________. What does style mean? _______________________ ________________________________. Every Greek city-state had a temple dedicated to a ___________ or ___________________. Temples such as the ______________________________________ included a central room that housed ______________________ of the gods. Large, graceful __________________________ supported many Greek ___________________________. Some famous buildings in ____________________________________, such as the ____________________________ & the _________________, have Greek ______________________.The _______________________________________ was the favorite subject of Greek artists. Greek sculptors tried to show ______________________________________ in perfect ____________________________________Lesson 2: The Greek Mind - Greek thinkers developed ideas that shaped their world as well as ours today.? The Greeks created the study of history, political science, biology, and logic.During the Golden Age of Greece, _________________, ____________________, & ____________________________ all flourished. They were pondering deep questions about ___________________ & also developing the study of __________________________& _______________________. Greek thinkers produced some of the most __________________________ the world has ever known.One type of thinker was involved in creating a new body of knowledge. These thinkers were known as ________________________The body of knowledge they created is called _____________________. Philosophy is a Greek word that means ________________ ______________________. Through philosophy, Greek philosophers helped develop the study of many subjects, including __________________, _____________________, _________________, and ___________________, or the ____________________What are Sophists? ____________________________________________________________________________________________What does rhetoric mean? ______________________________________________________________________________________The Sophists not only challenged _____________________________, but they also accepted ________________________________Other Greek philosophers did not approve of this practice. Many Greeks also thought the Sophists lacked ____________________ & _______________. Critics claimed the Sophists taught students to win ___________________ rather than seek ________________.Although a _____________________ by training, __________________ loved philosophy. Socrates did not leave a ______________ ____________________________________. Information about him is found in his ________________________________________What does reveal mean? _______________________________________________________________________________________Unlike the Sophists, Socrates believed in ___________________________________ and that all _____________________________ was within a person. In his search for truth, Socrates created a new way of questioning called the ___________________________What is the Socratic Method? ___________________________________________________________________________________Socrates did not lecture. Instead he asked _______________________________ & waited for his students to respond. He wanted ________________ to find the answers for themselves and form their __________________________________________________Some Athenian leaders believed that the _____________________________ was dangerous. At one time, _________________ had allowed its people to _____________________________. However, when Athens lost the _________________________________, its new rulers limited this freedom. The Athenians no longer trusted open debate. This method of _________________________, however, was exactly what _________________ thought was necessary. City leaders, fearing his influence, arrested _____________They charged that he had urged _____________________________ to rebel against the government. A jury found ______________ guilty and ______________________________ to death. He said that he was living under the city’s laws. As a result, he stated, he was _______________________________ to obeying them. Socrates then ______________________________________________ to carry out the jury’s sentence, and _____________________.The two Greek philosophers you may have heard of are _____________________&_____________________. The philosopher Plato was one of ________________________ students. Plato became a ______________________ & founded a ____________ in Athens called the __________________________. Plato wrote ___________________________________ and it presented his plan for an _______________________________________________ and _________________________________________________________In ____________________________________, Plato organized society into ________________________________. At the top were ____________________________________________ who ruled through ______________________ &______________________. ________________________, the 2nd group, defended society from ________________________, using ____________________. The 3rd group included the _____________________________________________________________. Their role was to produce _____________________________, ___________________________________, & ______________________________________. They lacked the ___________________________ of the kings and the _________________________________of the warriors. Plato believed that an ideal society must have a __________________________ and ___________________________ government. What does despite mean? ______________________________________________________________________________________Plato was willing to grant more rights to __________________________________. He believed that women should have the same ________________________________________ for _____________________________&_____________________ that men have. Another great thinker of ancient Greece was ____________________________. He wrote more than _________________ works on topics such as ________________________, _______________________________, & ____________________________________. Aristotle started a school called the _____________________________. He taught his students the “________________________”What is the idea of the golden mean? ____________________________________________________________________________What does individuals mean? ___________________________________________________________________________________Aristotle had many interests, including _________________________. He studied the ________________, ___________________, &__________________________________& carefully recorded what he observed. Aristotle classified living things according to their ____________________________&_________________________________. Aristotle’s methods were an important step in the development of ____________________________________________. In his book ____________________________, Aristotle divided _______________________________ into three types. The first was _______________________, or _________________________. The second was ____________________________, which is rule by a few people. The third type was ___________________________________, or __________________________________________What does investigated mean? __________________________________________________________________________________The Greek thinker ______________________________ wrote a history of the __________________________________. Herodotus wrote that the ____________________ played a role in historical events. However, he made a great effort to separate ___________ __________________________. Like a news reporter, he questioned many people to get information, but then he ______________ the truthfulness of these sources. Because of Herodotus’s careful research, many European & American historians consider him “______________________________________________________”Another famous historian of ancient Greece was ______________________________________________. He was a general in the ________________________________________. Thucydides considered this war to be a major event in _____________________. After the war, he wrote ________________________________________________________________________________________Thucydides did not just state _______________________. He also explored the __________________________________________ of events. He believed that _______________________________________________________________ could learn from the past. The ancient Greeks developed many scientific ideas. These ideas have influenced ___________________________________ for centuries. Early Greek scientists thought that _________________________________________________________ could be explained logically and that people could discover the causes of these events by using ___________________________________.The first important Greek scientist was _____________________________________________. Thales studied _________________ &_________________________. Thales made discoveries and developed theories by ____________________&________________Another Greek scientist, _________________________, taught his pupils that the universe followed the same laws that governed _________________&______________________. As a result, he developed many new ideas about _________________________. Most people know his name because of the _________________________________ that is still used in geometry today.Greek scientists also studied, _______________________ or the science of _____________________________________________. ____________________________ was a physician in ancient Greece who is regarded as the “_______________________________”He believed that ____________________________ came from _______________________________. Most people at that tie thought _______________________________ caused diseases. Hippocrates created a _____________________________________ about how doctors should use their skills to help patients. His rules are listed in the _______________________________________The oath says that _____________________________________________________________________________________________It also says that they should _____________________________________________________________________________________Lesson 3: Alexander’s Empire – Strong leaders can bring change to society. Philip II and Alexander the Great, as strong leaders, spread many Greek ideas to conquered lands. The ________________________________ were people who lived north of Greece. In the 300s B.C., they conquered ____________The Macedonians were __________________________. They raised ________________&_______________& grew crops in their river valleys. Under ______________________, however, Macedonia became a _________________________ in the ancient world. What does created mean? ______________________________________________________________________________________Philip planned to unite the Greek _________________________ under his rule & destroy the might __________________________What does voluntarily mean? ___________________________________________________________________________________Many _______________________ worried about Philip’s plans. ___________________________ was an Athenian who opposed _________________________. Demosthenes warned the Athenians that Philip was a threat to ______________________________By the time the Greeks tried to ________________, it was too late. The Greeks and ____________________ fought one last major battle. At the __________________________________, Philips army crushed the Greeks. Philip now ruled most of _____________.After conquering _____________________, Philip hoped to lead the Greeks and ___________________________ to war against the _______________________________________. Before Philip could carry out his plans, however, he was ______________. His son __________________________ became king. Alexander was only __________ when he became ruler of ___________________&_________________. His soldiers admired him for his ______________________&_______________________ skill. Alexander led about 40,000 _________________________& _________________ soldiers into Asia Minor. Their goal was to defeat one of the strongest armies in the world, ________________What does cavalry mean? ______________________________________________________________________________________A year & a half later, Alexander fought the next major battle against the Persians at _____________, in Syria. The Persian king _________________________ was forced to flee from Issus. What does pursue mean? ____________________________________They conquered ______________. Alexander built a new city in Egypt and named it ___________________________ after himself. As a center of _______________&_______________, Alexandria became one of the most important cities of the ancient world. Alexander returned to ________________, one of the Persian cities now under his control. The hardships of the journey had wrecked his _________________. Suffering from ________________& worn out by ______________, Alexander ___________. He was only _____________________________. Alexander was a great _________________ who feared __________________. He rode into ________________ ahead of his soldiers and marched into _______________________. The key to _________________________________ may have been his early education. As a boy, Alexander read the ______________________________________. His role model was Homer’s warrior-hero _________________________. Today, Alexander is called ____________________________________. Alexander’s armies extended Greek rule over a __________________________. They spread Greek __________________________, ________________, _________________, & ________________________ throughout S.W. Asia and _________________________What was the Hellenistic Era? ___________________________________________________________________________________Hellenistic means ________________________________. The Hellenistic Era refers to when ________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ had conquered.Alexander planned to unite _______________________, ________________, ______________, & ____________ in his new empire.After Alexander died, his generals divided the empire into __________________ separate kingdoms. These kingdoms were ______________________, ______________________, __________________________, and the __________________________Alexandria, in _______________, was the largest city in the ___________________________ world. It included two excellent _____________________ and a towering ______________________. It stood on a ______________________ with a burning flame at is top. The ______________________________ had the largest collection of writings in ancient times. The Hellenistic kings also created new __________________ and _______________________. These new Greek communities needed __________________, _______________________________, _______________________________, & ________________________________________. These colonies spread Greek culture widely, into ________________________&_______________________________________Lesson 4: Hellenistic Culture – Hellenistic cities became centers of learning and culture. Philosophy and the arts flourished, and new discoveries that were made are still important to us today. Alexandria served as the Greek capital of _________________ and was a major center of ____________________________________________________________________________________________ served an important role in expanding Alexander’s empire. Hellenistic sculptors proved as talented as the sculptors of ___________________________________________. These sculptors, however, developed new styles. They did not carve ideal figures to reflect _____________________&________________________. Instead, they showed people in a more _______________________________________ way. They even created statues that looked ____________________________ or __________________________. Hellenistic rulers also supported talented _____________________________. As a result, _______________&__________________ produced a large amount of literature during the ____________________________________________________________________One work that we do know about is an epic poem called ________________________________________________. Written by __________________________________ of Rhodes, the poem tells the story of _______________________ and his band of _________________________. You may have read or seen a modern version of this poem, often called _______________________ _______________________________________________. Jason and his band sail the seas seeking a ____________________ with a ______________________________________________. What does seeking mean? ______________________________________The two most important Hellenistic philosophers were ________________________________&_____________________________. Epicurus founded a philosophy known as _______________________________. What is Epicureanism? _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Today the word _________________________________________________________ means the love of physical pleasure, such as _______________________________________________________ or _________________________________________________A Phoenician thinker named ____________________ developed a philosophy called ______________________________________What is Stoicism? _____________________________________________________________________________________________The ____________________claimed that people who were guided by their ______________________________ lived unhappy lives.Today, the word stoic is used to describe someone who ______________________________________________________________What does community mean? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ claimed that the sun was at the center of the universe. He said that the _________________ circled the sun. ________________________ taught others his theories about _____________________________. If you study geometry today, you will be learning about the same topics studied by ancient ____________________________________________Another scientist, _______________________________, was the __________________________________________ at the library at _________________________________________. After study & research, _______________________________ concluded that the Earth was round. He then used his knowledge to measure Earth’s _________________________________________________What does circumference mean? ________________________________________________________________________________How did Eratosthenes measure the Earth’s circumference? ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What does methods mean? _____________________________________________________________________________________What does accurate mean? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ of Alexandria advanced the field of _____________________________________. His best-known book _______________________________ describes plane geometry. What is plane geometry? _________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________The most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era was _____________________________________________. Archimedes worked on ___________________________________________. What is solid geometry? ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________He also figured out the value of __________________. This number is used to measure the area of __________________________. It is represented by the Greek symbol _______________________. Archimedes was also an ___________________________. He developed _____________________________ & _______________________________________. The king of __________________ heard of Archimedes’ boasts. He asked Archimedes to build a ________________________ to defend the city, so Archimedes designed ________________________________. These machines could throw ___________________, _____________________, & ________________________________ over long distances. During the massacre, _______________________________ was killed. The ___________________________________________ that formed from Alexander’s empire shared Hellenistic culture. Despite their common culture, the kingdoms were ___________________________________________. Macedonia held power over _____________________ for a time. It could not keep the ____________________________________ permanently under control, though. _______________________________ and some other city-states regained their independence. ____________________ was a city-state in central Italy. Rome conquered the entire ______________________________________Greece lost is lands in southern ________________________. The Greeks now feared that _________________________ would take control of _____________________________. The Greeks tried to stop Rome’s growing power, but _____________________. They began supporting Rome’s ____________________________ in various ________________. The ________________________ won these conflicts, however. Gradually, ___________________ gained control of the _____________________________________ ................
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