FPL-040 - FDEP (Florida Department of Environmental ...
FPL-040
Final
Technical Report: Development of Cleanup Target Levels (CTLs)
For Chapter 62-777, F.A.C.
Prepared for the Division of Waste Management Florida Department of Environmental Protection
By Center for Environmental & Human Toxicology
University of Florida Gainesville, Florida
February, 2005 FPL-040-001
February, 2005
Table of Contents
I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7
II. General Concepts and Approaches............................................................................................. 8 A. Risk or Hazard.......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Cancer Risks ............................................................................................................8 2. Non-cancer Hazards.................................................................................................9 B. Toxicity Values ......................................................................................................................... 9 1. Primary Sources .......................................................................................................9 2. Secondary Sources ................................................................................................10
III. Development of Groundwater Cleanup Target Levels............................................................ 12 1. Development of Groundwater Cleanup Target Levels for Class C Carcinogens......................................................................................................13
IV. Development of Surface Water Cleanup Target Levels ......................................................... 14 A. Human Health ........................................................................................................................ 14 B. Aquatic Toxicity Criteria ........................................................................................................ 16
V. Development of Soil Cleanup Target Levels............................................................................ 16 A. Development of Default SCTLs ........................................................................................... 18 1. Direct Contact SCTLs Based on Chronic Exposure ...............................................18 2. Development of Acute Toxicity SCTLs for Some Chemicals in Chapter 62-777, F.A.C......................................................................................29 3. Development of Default SCTLs Based on Migration to Groundwater (Leaching) ...................................................................................42 B. Development of Site-Specific SCTLs ................................................................................. 43 1. Direct Contact SCTLs .............................................................................................44 2. SCTLs Based on Leachability.................................................................................50 C. Special Cases ........................................................................................................................ 51 1. Development of SCTLs for Ammonia .....................................................................51 2. Development of the Direct Exposure SCTLs for Arsenic........................................53 3. Development of CTLs for Chloroform .....................................................................54 4. Development of the Direct Exposure SCTLs for Lead............................................54 5. Development of SCTLs for Methylmercury.............................................................58 6. Development of SCTLs for Total Recoverable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TRPHs) ....................................................................................58
FPL-040-002 1
February, 2005
7. Development of SCTLs for Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs)....................................59
8. Development of SCTLs for Carcinogenic Policyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ...................................................................................................61
9. Development of CTLs for Vinyl Chloride.................................................................62
VI. Chemical Interactions .................................................................................................................. 63
VII. Sources of Variability and Uncertainty ...................................................................................... 67
A. Variability and Uncertainty in Toxic Potency Estimates................................................... 67
B. Variability and Uncertainty in Exposure Parameters........................................................ 69 1. Soil Ingestion Rate..................................................................................................71 2. Groundwater Ingestion Rate...................................................................................71 3. Body Weight ...........................................................................................................72 4. Exposed Skin Surface Area....................................................................................72 5. Inhalation Rate........................................................................................................72 6. Relative Source Contribution ..................................................................................73 7. Averaging Time.......................................................................................................73 8. Exposure Frequency and Exposure Duration.........................................................73 9. Adherence Factor ...................................................................................................74 10. Dermal Absorption Factor.......................................................................................74 11. Particulate Emission Factor (PEF)..........................................................................74 12. Physical/chemical parameters ................................................................................75 13. Volatilization Factor ................................................................................................75 14. Dilution Attenuation Factor .....................................................................................76
C. Overall Conservatism of the Exposure Parameters ......................................................... 76
VIII. Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 78
IX. References .................................................................................................................................... 78
X. References Available Via the Internet ....................................................................................... 84
XI. List of Acronyms and Definitions................................................................................................ 85
XII. Appendix A. Derivation of Body Weight, Dermal Surface Area, and Inhalation Rate Estimates ................................................................................................... 92
A. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 92
B. Description of NHANES III ................................................................................................... 93 1. Body weights ..........................................................................................................94 2. Surface area ...........................................................................................................95
C. Inhalation Rates ..................................................................................................................... 97
XIII. Appendix B: Derivation of Inhalation and Dermal Toxicity Values.....................................107
FPL-040-003 2
February, 2005
A. Inhalation Toxicity Values...................................................................................................107 1. Reference Dose (RfD) ..........................................................................................108 2. Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) ..................................................................................109
B. Dermal Toxicity Values .......................................................................................................110 1. Reference Dose (RfD) ..........................................................................................110 2. Cancer Slope Factor (CSF) ..................................................................................111
XIV. Appendix C: Technical Basis for the TRPH SCTLs ..............................................................112 A. Development of SCTLs for Hydrocarbon Fractions Developed by the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group ..................................................112 1. Calculation of TRPH Fraction-Specific Physical Properties..................................113 2. Derivation of TRPH Fraction Toxicological Values ...............................................115 3. Derivation of TRPH SCTLs...................................................................................115 B. Development of SCTLs for Hydrocarbon Fractions Identified Using the MADEP Approach................................................................................................................117 1. Analytical Methodology.........................................................................................117 2. Development of Cleanup Target levels.................................................................119 3. SCTLs for Petroleum Hydrocarbon Fractions Identified Using the MADEP Approach...........................................................................................121
XV. Appendix D: Guidance for Comparing Site Contaminant Concentration Data with Soil Cleanup Target Levels ...................................................122
A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 122 B. Comparison with Direct Contact SCTLs...........................................................................123
1. Comparison Using the Maximum Concentration ....................................................124 2. Comparison Using the 95% UCL Concentration ...................................................125 C. Comparison with Leachability-based SCTLs...................................................................131
XVI. Appendix E: Guidance for Comparing Site Contaminant Concentration Data with Groundwater and Surface Water Cleanup Target Levels.......................................................................................................132
A. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 132 B. Determining the Applicable Cleanup Target Level for Comparison.............................134 C. Apportioning the CTLs. .......................................................................................................135
XVII. Figures.......................................................................................................................................... 137
XVIII. Principal Tables ..........................................................................................................................150
FPL-040-004 3
February, 2005
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1 Groundwater and Surface Water Cleanup Target Levels .......................Principal Tables
Table 2 Soil Cleanup Target Levels .....................................................................Principal Tables
Table 3 Default Parameters for Figures 4, 5, and 7 .............................................Principal Tables
Table 4 Chemical-Specific Values .......................................................................Principal Tables
Table 5a Sources and Derivation of Toxicity Values Used in Calculations for Carcinogens......................................................................................Principal Tables
Table 5b Sources and Derivation of Toxicity Values Used in Calculations for Non-Carcinogens ..............................................................................Principal Tables
Table 6 Chemicals Sorted by Target Organ ........................................................Principal Tables
Table 7 Health-Based Values for GCTLs in Chapter 62-785, F.A.C. ...................Principal Tables
Table 8 Soil Saturation (Csat) Limits for Chapter 62-777, F.A.C. ........................Principal Tables
Table 9 Surrogate Toxicity Values ............................................................................................ 12
Table 10 RfDs for Class C Carcinogens Based on Non-Cancer Health Effects.......................... 14
Table 11 Bioconcentration Factors (BCF) and resultant Surface Water Cleanup Target Levels (SWCTL)........................................................................... 15
Table 12 Input Precision for Physical/Chemical Parameters ...................................................... 28
Table 13 Calculated Density Values for Some Chemicals .......................................................... 29
Table 14 Surrogate Density Values for Some Chemicals ........................................................... 29
Table 15 Provisional Acute Oral Reference Doses and Corresponding Acute Toxicity SCTLs for Eight Chemicals....................................................................... 41
Table 16 Methods for Determining Site-Specific Measured Values for the Derivation of the Volatilization Factor .................................................................... 45
Table 17 Equations, Sources, and Methods for Deriving Soil Characteristics Using Site-Specific Data ........................................................................................ 46
Table 18 SCTLs for Ammonia as a Function of Soil pH at an Ambient Temperature of 25?C ............................................................................................. 53
Table 19 Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) Used to Express PCDD and PCDF Concentrations as 2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents............................................. 61
Table 20 Toxic Equivalency Factors for Carcinogenic PAHs ...................................................... 62
Table 21
Exposure Assumptions Used for the Lifetime Resident ............................................... 63
FPL-040-005 4
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