Civilizations in Southeast Asia Civilizations of East Asia

NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________

Geography and History Activity

CCiivviilliizzaatitoionsnsofinEaSsot uAtshiaeast Asia

Geography and Culture in Southeast Asia

Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural ideas about such things as religion, government, language, and economics from one place to another. Diffusion depends on movement. When groups of people move between geographic regions, they carry their cultural traditions with them. Likewise, when movement is limited, so is the diffusion of different cultures.

For thousands of years, human movement and cultural diffusion in Southeast Asia were limited by three major geographic features: rivers, mountains, and the ocean. Small kingdoms developed in the fertile plains and valleys near the five major rivers--the Chao Phraya, Irrawaddy, Mekong, Salween, and Red--that cross the mainland of the region. These lowland areas were isolated from one another by rugged mountain ranges, which were often covered by dense tropical rainforests. Meanwhile, the cultural groups on the archipelago, isolated by the sea, developed their own distinct political and cultural identities.

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Kingdoms of India and Southeast Asia, 192?1527

Indus R. Irrawaddy Salween

20?N

Lahore Delhi

Brahmaputra R.

Ganges R.

Benares

INDIA

PAGAN R. Pagan

R.

.

CHINA

TROPIC OF CANCER Red

R DAI VIET

Mekong R.

Arabian Sea

N

W

E

S

Warangal

Angkor (Khmer), 802?1432

Champa, 192?1471

Dai Viet, 1010?1527

0?

Bay of Bengal

INDIAN OCEAN

Andaman Sea

Strait of M

alacca

Chao Phraya R.

CHAMPA

Ayutthaya

Angkor ANGKOR

Phnom

Gulf of Penh Thailand

South China

Sea

Malay Peninsula

Melaka

EQUATOR SRIVIJAYA

Borneo

Sumatra

Kediri, 1049?1222

Pagan, 849?1287

0

800 miles

Srivijaya, 650?1377 Sultanate of Delhi, 1236

0

800 km

Miller projection

Java

KEDIRI

80?E

100?E

East China

Sea

PACIFIC OCEAN

120?E

Caption: Geographic barriers in Southeast Asia encouraged the development of many small kingdoms. Some cultural diffusion took place, however, as these kingdoms participated in regional sea trade.

NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________

Geography and History Activity Cont.

CivilizCaitvioinliszaotfioEansst iAnsiSaoutheast Asia

With the development of more sophisticated technology for sailing and navigation, interaction between Southeast Asian kingdoms--and with the rest of the world--eventually increased. As trade routes between East and West developed, merchants traveling between China and India frequently stopped in Southeast Asian ports, bringing goods and ideas from all over the world. One important import to Southeast Asia was religion. Religious influences from China, India, the Middle East, and later Europe all had an influence on the beliefs and practices of peoples in Southeast Asia.

Directions: Answer the questions below in the space provided.

Understanding Concepts

1. Movement What geographic barriers limited the movement of peoples in Southeast Asia?

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

2. Human-Environment Interaction How did the location of rivers influence the development of kingdoms in Southeast Asia? Why?

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 3. Location What bodies of water were important to sea trade in the region?

________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

NAME ______________________________________ DATE _______________ CLASS _________

Geography and History Activity Cont. CivilizCaitvioilnizsaotfioEnasst iAnsSiaoutheast Asia

Applying Concepts

4. Identifying Cause and Effect How did location make it possible for the kingdoms of Southeast Asia to participate in sea trade? What effect did this have on regional culture and religion? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

5. Drawing Conclusions The geography of Southeast Asia led to both cultural isolation and cultural diffusion. Complete the following chart to list evidence that supports each point. Then write your conclusion about how geography influenced the cultures of Southeast Asia.

Subject: How did geography influence culture in Southeast Asia? Cultural Isolation--Evidence Cultural Diffusion--Evidence

Conclusion

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