Agrodok 15 - Panda

Agrodok 15

Small-scale freshwater fish farming

Assiah van Eer Ton van Schie Aldin Hilbrands

? Agromisa Foundation, Wageningen, 2004.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.

First edition: 1996 Second edition: 2004

Authors: Assiah van Eer, Ton van Schie, Aldin Hilbrands Illustrators: Linda Croese, Oeke Kuller, Barbera Oranje Design: Janneke Reijnders Translation: Sara van Otterloo Printed by: Digigrafi, Wageningen, the Netherlands

ISBN: 90-77073-83-3

NUGI: 835

Foreword

This Agrodok aims at providing basic information on how to set up a small-scale fish farm for subsistence purposes with regard to daily protein needs.

Since fish farming practices are so diverse, this manual focuses on land based freshwater fish farming. In the tropics, pond fish farming is the most common form of fish farming in the tropics. Therefore, the information provided in this manual concerns pond construction and pond management.

Agromisa welcomes your comments concerning the contents of this book or additional information in order to improve future editions.

Wageningen, 1996.

Assiah van Eer, Ton van Schie, Aldin Hilbrands.

Foreword

3

Contents

1 Introduction

6

2 Fish farming: basic principles

7

2.1 Planning an aquaculture enterprise

8

3 Planning the site and type of fish farm

10

3.1 Site selection

10

3.2 Type of aquaculture farm

15

3.3 Other methods of fish farming

19

4 Fish farming practices

23

4.1 Selection of fish species

23

4.2 Fish nutrition

26

4.3 Water transparency as water fertility indicator

28

4.4 Health and disease

30

4.5 Reproduction

32

4.6 Harvesting the fish

33

4.7 Maintenance and monitoring

37

5 Carp culture

41

5.1 Common carp

42

5.2 Indian and Chinese carps

46

6 Tilapia culture

50

6.1 Egg production

53

6.2 Grow-out ponds

53

6.3 Feed and fertilizer

54

6.4 Stocking density and production levels

55

7 Catfish culture

56

7.1 Egg production

57

7.2 Hatcheries

58

7.3 Fry production

59

4

Small-scale freshwater fish farming

7.4 Grow-out ponds

60

7.5 Feed requirements

60

Appendix 1: Guidelines for pond design and construction 61

Appendix 2: Overview of widely cultured fish species and

their food preferences

73

Appendix 3: Characteristics of liming materials

74

Further reading

75

Useful addresses

78

Contents

5

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