Key Terms and Concepts Chapter 12: Social Psychology



Key Terms and Concepts Module 43 Social ThinkingSocial Psychologist study - - - -- -Social ThinkingAttribution TheoryDispositional attributes versus situational attributesFundamental Attribution Error Dispositional attributes versus situational attributesCultural differencesFamiliarity effects Bad versus good behaviorPolitical viewpoint and the Fundamental Attribution ErrorSelf Serving BiasActor(situational)/ observer(dispositional) effects on attributions.AttitudesChanging Attitudes can change BehaviorsPeripheral route persuasionCentral Route PersuasionChanging Behaviors can change AttitudesLowball Sales TechniqueFoot –in-the-door Phenomenon Role Playing can Change AttitudesZimbardo Prison ExperimentCognitive Dissonance Theory Cognitive Dissonance explanation of people’s altered for the Iraq War rationale.Module 44 Social InfluenceConformityAutomatic MimicryChameleon effectEmpathic people yawn more after seeing others yawn.Suicides increase following a highly publicized suicideConformity and Social NormsSoloman Ashe's Study on ConformityFactors effecting conformityStatus of others at the table (more conformity when made to feel incompetent or insecure)Number of people at the tableUnanimous agreement of others at the tableResponses made publicCultural influencesNormative Social InfluenceInformational Social InfluenceObedience: Following OrdersMilgram's Study on ObedienceBurger’s replication of Milgram’s study.French TV reality show replication.Sex differences in obedience?Ethical Issues with the Milgram study,Factors affecting the likelihood of obedienceStatus of the experimenterDistance between teacher and learnerParticipants told they were responsible for their behaviorSequential nature of the task (cognitive dissonance – foot-in-the door)No role models for defiance.Group BehaviorSocial FacilitationCrowding effectsSocial LoafingTug-of-war studies.DeindividuationWhy are internet trolls so mean?Group PolarizationMyers and Bishop study on group polarization and prejudice.GroupthinkOverconfidence, conformity, self-justification and group polarization.When are two heads better than one? – when there are a diversity of opinions and open communication.The power of the IndividualModule 45 – Antisocial Relations (will not be on the Exam). Module 46 Prosocial RelationshipsAttractionProximityMere exposure effectBailenson study on preference for political candidates and facial feature similarityPhysical AttractivenessSpeed dating studiesUniversity of Minnesota Welcome Week dance studyGaze time studies of Babies and physical attractiveness.Diener’s studies on attractiveness, self-esteem and happiness.What type of features do people find attractive?SimilarityRomantic LovePassionate LoveTwo-factor theory - physical arousal plus cognitive appraisalCapilano River Study (Dutton & Aron, 1974; 1989)Companionate LoveEquitySelf-disclosurePositive supportAltruismBystander InterventionRecognizing an Emergency and Assuming ResponsibilityDiffusion of ResponsibilityBystander EffectFactors affecting the likelihood of Helping BehaviorsCharacteristics of Helpers -- Bierhoff et al., (1991)Real life heroes haveStronger belief in the Just World Hypothesis More Internal Locus of controlStronger sense of Social ResponsibilityPeace MakingSocial TrapsFactors that reduce social trapsEnemy PerceptionsMirror-Image Perceptions – tendency for competing groups to demonize one another.Self-fulfilling propheciesTit-for-tat experimentFactors that promote Peace Contact NoncompetitiveEqual statusCooperationConciliationCommunicationGRIT - Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension- Reduction ................
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