Creating Note Cards



Creating Note Cards Name ____________

Direct Quoting vs. Paraphrasing

When you create note cards, you take a fact from your sources and either directly quote it or paraphrase it. Use these rules:

Direct Quote = ( Write the words you take exactly as they appear in the article—spelling, punctuation, capitalization, everything. Pay attention to detail.

( Put quotation marks around the words you take.

( Include the name and title of the person who said the quote. Was it the author of the whole article? Or someone that the author quoted?

Paraphrase = ( Change almost all the words from the original into your own words.

(Make sure you keep the author’s original idea intact; don’t change the essence of what he/she said in the original article.

( If there are some words that you just can’t change because there’s no real other way to say them, use those original words with “quotes” around them.

(You can paraphrase a quote from an expert in your article. Be sure to include that expert’s name and title.

Let’s practice:

Here is a direct quote (1) from “Teens Wear Their Hearts on Their Blogs“ by Janet Kornblum in USA Today:

“Teens are ecstatic, hooked and hopeful about the medium. Law enforcement officials are wary. There have been cases where predators have found kids who posted too much information about themselves. And parents — those who actually know what their kids are doing online — are ‘freaked,’ says Parry Aftab, executive director of online child safety site WiredSafety.”

Here is a paraphrase of that quote:

Blogs are exciting to teens, and many teens use this means to communicate with peers. Police, however, are apprehensive about the kinds and amount of personal information teens put on their blogs. Parents, too, are concerned since online predators attempt to contact teens and can harm them.

( Notice that the words are very different in this paraphrase, but Janet Kornblum’s original idea is still in there. The only word reused is “predators” since that’s a very specific, common term used when discussing online safety.

Here’s another direct quote (2) from the Janet Kornblum article:

“Some say that if the journal is open online, it should be available to parents. Others argue that reading journals is no different from eavesdropping on their kids. Some argue that it's a question of safety. The vast majority of those online are simply seeking entertainment or friendship. But occasionally strangers have something else in mind.”

Which of the following paraphrases of the above direct quote is better? ______ Why?

A. If a journal is open to all online, parents should be able to view it. Some argue that if a parent goes online to read a journal, it is just like eavesdropping. Others worry about safety. Most teens online are doing it to create friendships and be entertained. But sometimes predators have ideas of how to hurt teens.

B. Some believe that if blogs are openly found online, parents should be able to view the content within. Others believe that it’s an invasion of a blogger’s privacy. Some think beyond the privacy argument, more concerned about the safety of bloggers. Teens don’t always think about the predators who sometimes lurk online, because most use blogs to make friends and be entertained.

WHY? How would you fix the weak paraphrase?

Here’s another quote from Janet Kornblum’s article on teens and blogging. These two paragraphs below are directly taken word-for-word (quote 3) from the article:

“While kids and parents should take precautions, most experts say banning teens from blogging is as enforceable as keeping them from their friends. Launching a new site takes as little as five minutes. And taking away the world of personal sites might be akin to taking away their friends; the Internet is sometimes the only social gathering place for teens who aren't allowed to hang out in public spaces because of safety reasons, says Danah Boyd, a social researcher at Yahoo Research Berkeley.

‘They're not allowed to go into the physical world,’ she says. ‘They're not allowed to go out at night. (Their) mobility is so restricted. It is really replacing physical interaction.’ “

Which of these paraphrases of the quote above is best? _______ Why?

A. Kids try to be safe when blogging, but parents may take it too far when trying to keep their teens safe. When parents are upset about something they read on their child blog, they may try to restrict their children’s blogging to try to take away their friends, hoping it is an effective punishment.

1. Is the author’s original idea from the article kept the same? _________________

B. Parents should be taking measure to protect their children’s safety online, but experts say they may find it very hard to carry out restrictions. Teens may feel that a parent taking away access to a site is just like telling them they can’t be friends with someone. Danah Boyd, a social researcher at Yahoo Research Berkeley says that for some teens, the internet is the only place where kids can “hang out” with each other since they’re often not able to leave their homes into the world to meet up with friends.

Some things to think about to determine which paraphrase is the best:

1. Why are the words “hang out” in quotation marks? ____________________________________________

2. In the original quote, there are quotes around Danah Boyd’s actual words. Can you put someone’s quoted words from an article into your own words? _______________________

C. Experts have studied the relationship between parents and how they try to protect their teens. Sometimes parents try to take away their teens’ ability to blog, but in doing so, they might be taking away their only access to their friends. Danah Boyd says, “They're not allowed to go into the world. They're not allowed to go out at night. Being online can replace physical interaction.”

1. The paraphrase takes a quote from the original article. Does this paraphrase give the name of the person who said the quote? _____________

2. Does the paraphrase give the title of the person who said the quote? _______________

3. Is her quote taken exactly as it appears in the original article? _________________

REMEMBER: YOU MAY ONLY HAVE FIVE NOTECARDS WITH DIRECT QUOTES. THE REST (10) OF YOUR CARDS WILL BE PARAPHRASED INFORMATION FROM YOUR ARTICLES. FOLLOW THE RULES OF PARAPHRASING.

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