The Art of Writing



The Art of Writing

A Continuous Process – Guided Notes

General Process

1. Prewriting: _________________________________, choose a topic, and gather details

Exs: Cluster, t-chart, outline, freewriting

2. Drafting: _____________________________________ into paragraphs; it starts out rough with your 1st draft

Introduction with a __________ [opening statement] and ______________________ [main idea of essay]

Body: each paragraph has a topic sentence and develops a point

Conclusion: ______________________

3. Revising: making MAJOR changes then _________________________________

4. Editing: making __________________________ then you write 3rd (final) draft

5. _________________________________________: typing up essay

Different Forms of Prewriting

There are ____________________________________ ideas for writing.

One of the easiest is to freewrite where you simply _______________________________

as they come to your mind without stopping.

You can also use a _________________________________________

_________________________________ and related areas spread out from the center

The same prompt can also be placed in an outline

The topic will _____________________________________________________ and then each roman number will talk about the areas within that topic with ______________________, which is the most detailed prewriting plan

I. Intro.

A. Lead:

B. Thesis Statement:

II. Topic Paragraph 1: Violent Shows

A. Kids will act out violently

B. Kids won’t feel badly for others

III. Topic Par. 2: Commercials

A. Kids will want to buy everything they see

B. Kids will only value material things

IV. Topic Par 3: Laziness

A. Kids won’t be active so they’ll become obese

B. Kids’ attention span will also be negatively effected

V. Conclusion

Sum up main points

|Pros |Cons |

|It’s entertaining |Violent shows |

|It’s educational |Commercials |

|  |Leads to laziness |

Another type of prewriting activity is a _____________________________

It’s a t-chart where you put all the ______________________________________________ and the bad things on the other side

This is good for ________________________________

Two Types of Essays

|Expository |Persuasive |

|Use __________________ |Persuasive = you need to convince your reader that |

| |_______________ on a controversial issue is correct |

|Use _________________________ & details |Use more stats., facts, & personal appeals |

|  Ex – Think about your favorite season. Now write an essay explaining why this is |Only ________________________ (show the other side is |

|your favorite season. |wrong) |

| |Ex – Miami-Dade County is going to issue a curfew of 12 pm|

| |for those under 18. Write a letter persuading the county |

| |to enforce the curfew or get rid of it. |

Different Types of Organization

|Expository |Persuasive |

|I. Intro |I. Intro |

|II. 1st Reason |II. 1st Reason |

|III. 2nd Reason |III. Other Side & Rebuttal (mention one reason from other |

|IV. 3rd Reason |side & show it’s wrong) |

|Conclusion |IV. Best Reason |

| |V. Conclusion |

Rebuttal Paragraph: Only for Persuasive

• ______________________ like however or on the other hand

• Give ONE argument of the _____________________

• Use a transition word ___________________ that argument is dead wrong

• ___________________________ for your rebuttal to show the other side doesn’t know what it’s talking about

Drafting: The Introduction

Once you have your ideas, you need to start writing.

Drafting is all about ______________________________________________ and paragraphs and it all starts with the introduction.

The introduction is the _________________________ in your essay and it needs to be at least 4 sentences long but there are __________________________________

The LEAD: this is the first sentence and is meant to _______________________________

The THESIS STATEMENT: this is the last sentence of your introduction and it includes the ______________________ of your essay

Effective Leads

Here are 5 good types of leads to use:

________________________________

Did you know that 75% of people would consider Hawaii their favorite vacation place?

________________________________

The cool days of October descended upon the region causing the leaves of the trees to bloom like sunsets as they fell to the ground.

_________________________________

_“The land of the black sand beaches.”

_____________________

While most people would consider a beach their perfect destination, I would be most at home in the Amazon forest.

_____________

Miami may also have beaches, but Hawaii has something it doesn’t – volcanoes.

The In-between sentences

After your lead, you need to make some __________________________ before you write your thesis statement. Use the SEE METHOD: Statement, Extension, Elaboration (add details to your lead)

Lead: The sun scorches my skin, but I don’t care because the cool Caribbean ocean protects me.

In-betweens: This is my idea of a perfect summer vacation. Far away from the struggles of school and home, all I have to worry about is applying enough sun block and having as much fun as I can in my island paradise.

Make sure your general statements _________________________________________.

Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is the _______________________________________ and lets your reader know how you think about a topic and your main reason why

Ex: A Caribbean island is my perfect summer vacation because I get to enjoy the ocean, the sun, and relax as I do so.

Body Paragraphs

Your introduction is followed with _____________________________

Each paragraph will begin with a topic sentence which is the ___________________________________ that connects back to the thesis statement. A topic sentence ___________________________________, but it should also bring up some new point in your essay.

Topic Sentences

Ex: Introduction

Thesis –A Caribbean island is my perfect summer vacation because I get to enjoy the ocean, the sun, and relax as I do so.

Ex: Body Paragraph 1

Topic Sentence – First of all, the crisp, clean, deep aquamarine of the beaches of the Caribbean would make anyone believe they had reached heaven.

Ex: Body Paragraph 2

Topic Sentence – Moreover, the warm and bright weather afford plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities.

Ex: Body Paragraph 3

Topic Sentence – Lastly, with its natural beauty, the Caribbean is the ideal place to relax and get away from the problems of reality.

Support

After your topic sentence you need to support your argument with details.

Details come in all shapes and sizes.

Here’s an easy way to remember:

F acts Something can be proven: Hawaii is known for its black beaches.

R easons An explanation: Hawaii attracts so many tourists because of its spectacular natural beauty.

I ncident Something that you’ve heard or read on tv or in an article: Hawaii is ranked as the number one vacation spot in travel magazines.

E xample Something that you or someone you know has experienced: When my family went to Hawaii, we stayed an extra week because there were so many things to do.

S statistics Numbers, percentages: 60% of newlyweds have their honeymoon in Hawaii.

Putting a Body Paragraph Together

• Topic Sentence

• See Method: Elaborate on Your Topic Sentence

• Use 2-3 FRIES

• Wrap It Up

Literary Analysis Paragraphs: TIQATIQA

• When you’re __________________________, it’s not so much about FRIES, as it is about analyzing the text closely by looking at and ___________________________.

FORMAT:

• T=_______________________

• I = Introduce Quote

• Q = Quote (with citation)

• A = Analyze (2-3 sentences explaining the _____________________________, similar to SEE Method)

• T = _________________________

• I

• Q

• A

Conclusion

Begin with a _______________________________________: don’t repeat the exact same thing, come up with a new way to say it

Then ______________________________________________

End with a BANG! – like your lead

After your 1st Draft

Now that the hard part’s over you need to go back to your 1st draft and _____________________.

In your first draft don’t look for grammar and spelling errors, ____________________________________

____________________, if your organization works, and if your essay has style

In your _____________________________ you can then look for grammar and spelling mistakes

You can revise and edit your own essays or ______________________________

|Revising VS. |Editing |

|Revision means ___________________________ |Editing means __________________________ |

|Revision is what you do ____________________ |Editing is what you do _______________________ your final draft for publishing |

|____________________________ | |

|Revision Conference exs.: |Editing Conference exs.: |

|This part needs a lot more details to make the action clear |You use the word stories too much, think of synonyms. |

|This part is unnecessary and looses the reader; I suggest you take it out |This word is misspelled. |

|This fourth paragraph would make a lot more sense somewhere in the beginning |I think when you use a diary entry into the middle you should change the font. |

| |I think this title should be changed. |

Style & Voice

As in personal style & fashion, your writing should stand out.

There are many ways to do this such as using showing sentences, ______________________________

_____________________________________________________________

Transitions

Transitions are the words that show a change from one paragraph to the next and one thought to the next.

Use transition words when ____________________________________ or argument, showing the opposing side of an argument, or concluding an argument

However____________________________ are created equal

Good Vs. Bad Transition Words

Bad:

First of all

Next, second, third, my second reason is

But

Last, In conclusion

Like

Good:

Initially, For starters

Also, Furthermore, In addition, Moreover

On the other hand, however

Finally, Thus, Consequently, Therefore, Hence

For example, such as,

Show, Don’t Tell

This is the great writerly advice every writer gets

When you’re trying to describe it is often better to be subtle – don’t just say someone is happy, ___________________________________________ by describing how they look and act because they are happy

Examples

Telling sentences:

He was so nervous.

The pizza was delicious

Showing sentences:

He attempted to speak, but all he could do was clear his throat over and over again and strum his pen on the desk.

Her mouth watered at every bite of the pizza and she didn’t even mind that the sauce was all around her usually perfect lips.

Sensory Language = using all your senses to describe images

[pic]

Figurative Language

Along with sensory words, figurative language is the most common way poets create imagery in their poems. This is also very common in Prose

Simile: the comparison of __________________ unlike things using like or as. She spoke like a typewriter.

Metaphor: like a simile but ___________________. Her typewriter voice woke everyone up.

Hyperbole: ___________________________, often used for comedy. He was a walking dictionary.

Alliteration: the ______________________________ in a phrase. The salty sea slashed across the waves.

Personification: the description of __________________________. The waves coughed up the wrecked ship.

Onomatopoeia: the use of a word to represent a real sound. Meow, zoom

Editing

____________________________________________ to look for

Capitalization

_________________________________ but not common nouns

Ex: The Empire State Building / the tall building

Punctuation: .,;? ______________________________________________

Verbs: make sure verb and subject ________________________

Ex: They walk to the part not They walks to the park

Spelling: double-check

Persuasive Techniques: Propaganda

• ____________________ = most people feel one way about an issue and urges others to go along with the majority

Ex: Everybody’s experienced an urgent moment where a cellphone has proven indispensable, so no one should want to ban it.

• Loaded Language/Glittering Generalities = _______________, that can be patriotic or religious, that doesn’t give any facts

Ex: What the other side proposes is ludicrous and just plain dangerous to our democratic way.

• Stereotyping = uses commonly held and ___________________ to make a point

Ex = This younger generation is lazy and self-centered, and needs all the technology they can get their hands onto stay attentive.

Persuasive Techniques (cont.)

• Ordinary Folks = makes association with simple values & ______________________________

• Appeal to science = suggests that they have ____________________ without giving facts

• ___________________ = showcases other people’s sayings, like an eye-witness account

• Repetition = drives the message home by saying it ________________________

________________________= predicts possible negative effects of making the wrong choice

Publish & Present

Once, your essay has been revised and turned into a 2nd draft and then edited and, you can type it up and turn it in your 3rd and final draft

_____________________________________________________

Typed

Double-spaced

12 pt. Times New Roman Font – Black

No cover page

1 inch margins

Turn in EVERYTHING – prewriting activity, 1st, 2nd , and 3rd draft stapled together with the 3rd draft on top

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Leads to laziness

Commercials

Violent Shows

Effects of TV

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