The Art of Writing
The Art of Writing
A Continuous Process – Guided Notes
General Process
1. Prewriting: _________________________________, choose a topic, and gather details
Exs: Cluster, t-chart, outline, freewriting
2. Drafting: _____________________________________ into paragraphs; it starts out rough with your 1st draft
Introduction with a __________ [opening statement] and ______________________ [main idea of essay]
Body: each paragraph has a topic sentence and develops a point
Conclusion: ______________________
3. Revising: making MAJOR changes then _________________________________
4. Editing: making __________________________ then you write 3rd (final) draft
5. _________________________________________: typing up essay
Different Forms of Prewriting
There are ____________________________________ ideas for writing.
One of the easiest is to freewrite where you simply _______________________________
as they come to your mind without stopping.
You can also use a _________________________________________
_________________________________ and related areas spread out from the center
The same prompt can also be placed in an outline
The topic will _____________________________________________________ and then each roman number will talk about the areas within that topic with ______________________, which is the most detailed prewriting plan
I. Intro.
A. Lead:
B. Thesis Statement:
II. Topic Paragraph 1: Violent Shows
A. Kids will act out violently
B. Kids won’t feel badly for others
III. Topic Par. 2: Commercials
A. Kids will want to buy everything they see
B. Kids will only value material things
IV. Topic Par 3: Laziness
A. Kids won’t be active so they’ll become obese
B. Kids’ attention span will also be negatively effected
V. Conclusion
Sum up main points
|Pros |Cons |
|It’s entertaining |Violent shows |
|It’s educational |Commercials |
| |Leads to laziness |
Another type of prewriting activity is a _____________________________
It’s a t-chart where you put all the ______________________________________________ and the bad things on the other side
This is good for ________________________________
Two Types of Essays
|Expository |Persuasive |
|Use __________________ |Persuasive = you need to convince your reader that |
| |_______________ on a controversial issue is correct |
|Use _________________________ & details |Use more stats., facts, & personal appeals |
| Ex – Think about your favorite season. Now write an essay explaining why this is |Only ________________________ (show the other side is |
|your favorite season. |wrong) |
| |Ex – Miami-Dade County is going to issue a curfew of 12 pm|
| |for those under 18. Write a letter persuading the county |
| |to enforce the curfew or get rid of it. |
Different Types of Organization
|Expository |Persuasive |
|I. Intro |I. Intro |
|II. 1st Reason |II. 1st Reason |
|III. 2nd Reason |III. Other Side & Rebuttal (mention one reason from other |
|IV. 3rd Reason |side & show it’s wrong) |
|Conclusion |IV. Best Reason |
| |V. Conclusion |
Rebuttal Paragraph: Only for Persuasive
• ______________________ like however or on the other hand
• Give ONE argument of the _____________________
• Use a transition word ___________________ that argument is dead wrong
• ___________________________ for your rebuttal to show the other side doesn’t know what it’s talking about
Drafting: The Introduction
Once you have your ideas, you need to start writing.
Drafting is all about ______________________________________________ and paragraphs and it all starts with the introduction.
The introduction is the _________________________ in your essay and it needs to be at least 4 sentences long but there are __________________________________
The LEAD: this is the first sentence and is meant to _______________________________
The THESIS STATEMENT: this is the last sentence of your introduction and it includes the ______________________ of your essay
Effective Leads
Here are 5 good types of leads to use:
________________________________
Did you know that 75% of people would consider Hawaii their favorite vacation place?
________________________________
The cool days of October descended upon the region causing the leaves of the trees to bloom like sunsets as they fell to the ground.
_________________________________
_“The land of the black sand beaches.”
_____________________
While most people would consider a beach their perfect destination, I would be most at home in the Amazon forest.
_____________
Miami may also have beaches, but Hawaii has something it doesn’t – volcanoes.
The In-between sentences
After your lead, you need to make some __________________________ before you write your thesis statement. Use the SEE METHOD: Statement, Extension, Elaboration (add details to your lead)
Lead: The sun scorches my skin, but I don’t care because the cool Caribbean ocean protects me.
In-betweens: This is my idea of a perfect summer vacation. Far away from the struggles of school and home, all I have to worry about is applying enough sun block and having as much fun as I can in my island paradise.
Make sure your general statements _________________________________________.
Thesis Statement
A thesis statement is the _______________________________________ and lets your reader know how you think about a topic and your main reason why
Ex: A Caribbean island is my perfect summer vacation because I get to enjoy the ocean, the sun, and relax as I do so.
Body Paragraphs
Your introduction is followed with _____________________________
Each paragraph will begin with a topic sentence which is the ___________________________________ that connects back to the thesis statement. A topic sentence ___________________________________, but it should also bring up some new point in your essay.
Topic Sentences
Ex: Introduction
Thesis –A Caribbean island is my perfect summer vacation because I get to enjoy the ocean, the sun, and relax as I do so.
Ex: Body Paragraph 1
Topic Sentence – First of all, the crisp, clean, deep aquamarine of the beaches of the Caribbean would make anyone believe they had reached heaven.
Ex: Body Paragraph 2
Topic Sentence – Moreover, the warm and bright weather afford plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities.
Ex: Body Paragraph 3
Topic Sentence – Lastly, with its natural beauty, the Caribbean is the ideal place to relax and get away from the problems of reality.
Support
After your topic sentence you need to support your argument with details.
Details come in all shapes and sizes.
Here’s an easy way to remember:
F acts Something can be proven: Hawaii is known for its black beaches.
R easons An explanation: Hawaii attracts so many tourists because of its spectacular natural beauty.
I ncident Something that you’ve heard or read on tv or in an article: Hawaii is ranked as the number one vacation spot in travel magazines.
E xample Something that you or someone you know has experienced: When my family went to Hawaii, we stayed an extra week because there were so many things to do.
S statistics Numbers, percentages: 60% of newlyweds have their honeymoon in Hawaii.
Putting a Body Paragraph Together
• Topic Sentence
• See Method: Elaborate on Your Topic Sentence
• Use 2-3 FRIES
• Wrap It Up
Literary Analysis Paragraphs: TIQATIQA
• When you’re __________________________, it’s not so much about FRIES, as it is about analyzing the text closely by looking at and ___________________________.
FORMAT:
• T=_______________________
• I = Introduce Quote
• Q = Quote (with citation)
• A = Analyze (2-3 sentences explaining the _____________________________, similar to SEE Method)
• T = _________________________
• I
• Q
• A
Conclusion
Begin with a _______________________________________: don’t repeat the exact same thing, come up with a new way to say it
Then ______________________________________________
End with a BANG! – like your lead
After your 1st Draft
Now that the hard part’s over you need to go back to your 1st draft and _____________________.
In your first draft don’t look for grammar and spelling errors, ____________________________________
____________________, if your organization works, and if your essay has style
In your _____________________________ you can then look for grammar and spelling mistakes
You can revise and edit your own essays or ______________________________
|Revising VS. |Editing |
|Revision means ___________________________ |Editing means __________________________ |
|Revision is what you do ____________________ |Editing is what you do _______________________ your final draft for publishing |
|____________________________ | |
|Revision Conference exs.: |Editing Conference exs.: |
|This part needs a lot more details to make the action clear |You use the word stories too much, think of synonyms. |
|This part is unnecessary and looses the reader; I suggest you take it out |This word is misspelled. |
|This fourth paragraph would make a lot more sense somewhere in the beginning |I think when you use a diary entry into the middle you should change the font. |
| |I think this title should be changed. |
Style & Voice
As in personal style & fashion, your writing should stand out.
There are many ways to do this such as using showing sentences, ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Transitions
Transitions are the words that show a change from one paragraph to the next and one thought to the next.
Use transition words when ____________________________________ or argument, showing the opposing side of an argument, or concluding an argument
However____________________________ are created equal
Good Vs. Bad Transition Words
Bad:
First of all
Next, second, third, my second reason is
But
Last, In conclusion
Like
Good:
Initially, For starters
Also, Furthermore, In addition, Moreover
On the other hand, however
Finally, Thus, Consequently, Therefore, Hence
For example, such as,
Show, Don’t Tell
This is the great writerly advice every writer gets
When you’re trying to describe it is often better to be subtle – don’t just say someone is happy, ___________________________________________ by describing how they look and act because they are happy
Examples
Telling sentences:
He was so nervous.
The pizza was delicious
Showing sentences:
He attempted to speak, but all he could do was clear his throat over and over again and strum his pen on the desk.
Her mouth watered at every bite of the pizza and she didn’t even mind that the sauce was all around her usually perfect lips.
Sensory Language = using all your senses to describe images
[pic]
Figurative Language
Along with sensory words, figurative language is the most common way poets create imagery in their poems. This is also very common in Prose
Simile: the comparison of __________________ unlike things using like or as. She spoke like a typewriter.
Metaphor: like a simile but ___________________. Her typewriter voice woke everyone up.
Hyperbole: ___________________________, often used for comedy. He was a walking dictionary.
Alliteration: the ______________________________ in a phrase. The salty sea slashed across the waves.
Personification: the description of __________________________. The waves coughed up the wrecked ship.
Onomatopoeia: the use of a word to represent a real sound. Meow, zoom
Editing
____________________________________________ to look for
Capitalization
_________________________________ but not common nouns
Ex: The Empire State Building / the tall building
Punctuation: .,;? ______________________________________________
Verbs: make sure verb and subject ________________________
Ex: They walk to the part not They walks to the park
Spelling: double-check
Persuasive Techniques: Propaganda
• ____________________ = most people feel one way about an issue and urges others to go along with the majority
Ex: Everybody’s experienced an urgent moment where a cellphone has proven indispensable, so no one should want to ban it.
• Loaded Language/Glittering Generalities = _______________, that can be patriotic or religious, that doesn’t give any facts
Ex: What the other side proposes is ludicrous and just plain dangerous to our democratic way.
• Stereotyping = uses commonly held and ___________________ to make a point
Ex = This younger generation is lazy and self-centered, and needs all the technology they can get their hands onto stay attentive.
Persuasive Techniques (cont.)
• Ordinary Folks = makes association with simple values & ______________________________
• Appeal to science = suggests that they have ____________________ without giving facts
• ___________________ = showcases other people’s sayings, like an eye-witness account
• Repetition = drives the message home by saying it ________________________
________________________= predicts possible negative effects of making the wrong choice
Publish & Present
Once, your essay has been revised and turned into a 2nd draft and then edited and, you can type it up and turn it in your 3rd and final draft
_____________________________________________________
Typed
Double-spaced
12 pt. Times New Roman Font – Black
No cover page
1 inch margins
Turn in EVERYTHING – prewriting activity, 1st, 2nd , and 3rd draft stapled together with the 3rd draft on top
-----------------------
Leads to laziness
Commercials
Violent Shows
Effects of TV
................
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