BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES - TEST QUESTIONS



Macromolecules Structure and Function -- Block 1, 2005 -- Name:

Hydrolysis could be correctly described as the

A heating of a compound to drive off its excess water and concentrate its volume

B breaking of a long-chain compound into its subunits by adding water molecules to its structure between the subunits

C linking of two or more molecules by the removal of one or more water molecule

D constant removal of hydrogen atoms from the surface of a carbohydrate

E none of the above

The formation of large molecules from small repeating units is accomplished by a(n) ______ reaction.

A B oxidation

C reduction

D dehydration

E hydrolysis

F decarboxylation

A dehydration reaction typically produces:

A B monomers

C salts

D sugars

E polymers

F amino acids

A macromolecule is composed of smaller units called:

A B polymers

C cells

D isomers

E monomers

F isotopes

Which of the following is not a macromolecule?

A B protein

C starch

D nucleotide

E lipid

F DNA

A(n) ____________ is a basic unit of a carbohydrate.

A B monosaccharide

C starch

D nucleotide

E glycerol

F amino acids

Which of the following includes all the others?

A B sucrose

C glucose

D cellulose

E glycogen

F carbohydrate

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A B glucose

C fructose

D deoxyribose

E starch

F ribose

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called:

A B proteins

C nucleotides

D sugars

E fatty acids

F nucleic acids

STARCH and CELLULOSE are ALIKE in that both are:

A composed of covalently bonded glucose molecules

B found only in animal cells

C contain sugars bonded together in identical ways

D contain non-polar, fatty acid side chains

E made up of sugars that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A CARBOHYDRATE (polysaccharide) that makes PLANT CELLS and tissues STRUCTURALLY RIGID is:

A B sucrose

C glycogen

D starch

E cellulose

F nucleotides

A carbohydrate (polysaccharide) that is formed by plants and used later by the plant as a reserve food supply and made up of only glucose molecules covalently bonded together is:

A B cellulose

C starch

D glycogen

E triglycerides

F sucrose

In a lipid bilayer ___________ tails point inward and form a region that excludes water.

A B acidic

C basic

D hydrophilic

E hydrophobic

F none of these

Lipids

A serve as food reserves in many organisms

B include cartilage and chitin

C include fats that are broken down into one fatty acid molecule and three glycerol molecules

D are composed of monosaccharides

E none of the above

What type of LIPIDS are found in ALL biological MEMBRANES?

A B triglycerides

C waxes

D phospholipids

E diglycerides

F cholesterol

Unlike the saturated fatty acids, UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS: are found mostly in animal fats and oils

A contain hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen

B are often covalently bonded to sugars

C lack of carboxyl group

D contain double covalent bonds between carbons in their hydrocarbon chain.

Amino acids are the building blocks for

A B proteins

C steroids

D lipids

E nucleic acids

F carbohydrates

The sequence of amino acids is the ___________ structure of proteins.

A B primary

C secondary

D tertiary

E quaternary

F stereo

Of the following functional groups, which one is known as the AMINO GROUP?

A B -SH

C -COOH

D -NH2

E -OH

F -CHO

Nucleotides are the building blocks for

A B proteins

C steroids

D lipids

E RNA

F carbohydrates

Nucleotides are composed of a(an): A. AMINO ACID, B. NITROGEN-CONTAINING BASE, C. FATTY ACID, D. 5-CARBON SUGAR, E. PHOSPHATE MOLECULE.

A B B, D, C

C A, D, E

D C, D, E

E B, D, E

F A, B, C.

Nucleotides contain ___________ sugars.

A B three-carbon

C four-carbon

D five-carbon

E six-carbon

F seven-carbon

DNA and RNA are examples of which FAMILY of BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES?

A B proteins;

C carbohydrates

D lipids

E amino acids

F nucleic acids

Draw the structure of an amino acid.

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