Soc213



Sociology 213 Deviant Behavior D.Bogart Test 1b 09/23/03

Part 1: Text Items (Thio)

Chapter 2 Positivist Theories

01b. The positivist theories featured in your text are: A. Strain Theory; Innovation Theory; Control Theory; B. Learning Theory; Control Theory, Ritualistic Theory; C. Control theory; Strain theory; Learning theory; D. Conformity Theory; Retreatist Theory; Control Theory;

E. Differential Theory; Frustration Theory; Learning Theory. (p. 17)

02b. According to Merton’s goal-means-gap approach, someone who is able to realized success goals but, rejects the means to obtain those goals is: A. Rebellious B. Ritualistic C. Innovative D. Conforming E. Legitimate. (p. 19)

03b. According to Cohen”s Status Frustration perspective, a lower-class boy will set up his own competitive system to compete for higher status. This competitive system Cohen named: A. Deviance frustration. B. Illegitimate opportunity C. Strain induced frustration D. Delinquent subculture E. Legitimate institutional means. (p. 21)

04b. Cloward and Ohlin disagree with Merton in respect to: A. The need for high success goals B. Lower class frustration with success goals C. The existence of a gap between the goal and the means D. The means of obtained illegitimate opportunity E. When confronted with a lack of opportunity the lower class will always resort to illegitimate means. (p. 22)

05b. One of the most important redeeming values of the Strain Theory is its contribution of: A. Lower class deviant behavior B. Society, not the individual causes deviances. C. Success aspiration are at the same level in all classes D. The need for status causes deviance in individuals E. U.S. society discourages lower class people from embracing high–success goals. (p. 23)

06b. By including role-taking and choice-making in Social Learning Theories what theory is created: A. Differential association B. Differential Reinforcement C. Differential Identification D. Differential Conditioning E. Differential Criminal Behavior (p. 27)

07b.Control Theories assume: A. We are all born with deviant inclinations B. Deviance is caused by individuals C. Deviance can be controlled D. Deviance is failure of society to control individuals E. None of the above (p. 27)

08b. Which of the following is NOT one of Hirschi’s four ways in which individuals bond themselves to society? A. belief B. attachment C. involvement D. self-control E. commitment (p.28)

09b. According to Hirschi weak self-control is: A. More useful for explaining deviance. B. Inadequate is evaluating C. Shaming D. Weak self-control E. Commitment (p. 28)

10b. Braithwaite's theory about _____ being able to reduce crime in the US may be able to work for first-time offenders but not hardened criminals. A. social bonds B. reintegrative shaming C. deterrence D. differential illegitimate opportunity E. learning theory. (p.29)

Chapter 3 Humanist /Constructionist Theories

11b. In the early 1960’s Labeling theorists defined significant gestures, interpretations or definitions people attached to an act as: A. Labels B. Symbolic Interactionism C. Interaction Deviance D. Dynamic Symbolism E. Deviant Label (p. 35)

12b. According to the Labeling theorists the meaning people attach to significant gestures and definitions of labeling are: A. Deviant Behavior B. Consequences of labeling C. A positive response to deviance D. A negative response to deviance E. More important than the act itself (p. 35)

13b. Labeling theorists interpret deviance as a dynamic process of: A. Positive consequences for the community B. Unintentional deviance and intentional deviance C. Symbolic interaction between deviants and nondeviants D. Of negative consequences for those in charge of labeling E. Powerful control over deviants (p. 36`)

14b. Most typical example of someone who would apply labels is: A. A poor laborer in a large industrial plant B. A mental patient C. A prison guard D. A juvenile delinquent E. A poor black mother in the ghetto (p. 36)

15b. Using Tannenbaum's process of becoming a criminal, in the first act the child believes he or she is innocent and the adult defines them as delinquent. In the final behavior, both the child and adult define him or her as delinquent. Lemert defined these two forms of behavior as: A. Primary deviation and Secondary deviation B. Primary Acts and Secondary Acts C. Labeled and Labeler D. Primary behavior and Secondary behavior E. Pre-criminal deviation and Criminal deviation (p. 37)

16b. According to the labeling theorists (and functional theorists) the important positive consequence of labeling someone or group deviant is: A. It uncovers hidden deviance B. It controls powerful deviants C. It discourages further deviance D. It strengths social cohesion and social order E. None of the above (p. 38)

17b. All of the following are part of the 8 sequences leading to secondary deviation EXCEPT: A. Social penalties B. Further primary deviation C. Stronger penalties and rejections D. Further deviation with hostilities and resentment E. Ultimate denial of deviant social status (p. 37)

18b. Unlike Positivists, Phenomenologist consider the deviant's_____ experience the heart of deviant reality. A. Subjective B. Problematic C. Objective D. Abstract E. Intentional (p. 41)

19b. According to Katz (1988), murderers': A. have obtained a meaningful goal in eliminating someone they dislike, B. see themselves as morally superior to their victims, C. have never made contact with the victims, D. lack a strong self concept E. Feel guilty for expressing rage and resentment towards others..(p. 42)

20b. In evaluating the Phenomenological theory the inability of the theorists to reach Satori is questioned. Satori is: A. The ability to remove oneself from reality B. Increased awareness of someone's emotional state of mind C. A method of being one with the person you are treating D. The entrance into Nirvana E. The Ultimate ability to see reality as it is (p. 43)

Part 2: Lecture Items

Li Functional Theory

21b. What kind of exposure to social and political crisis did the professors at Harvard and Columbia have during the development of Functional theory A. Untarnished by research or direct experience B. Normal everyday life activities C. Actively participating in the recovery from economic depression D. Most had been involved in the War E. Direct contact with people living in local communities

21b. Durkheim believed society was best served with an optimum level of? A. Education, B. Self control C. Crime D. External threat, E. Religion.

22b. Durkheim also believed that progress requires that people be: A. Capitalistic & motivated, B. Creative & original. C. Deceived and misdirected, D. Self interested and ego-centric, E. Altruistic and self sacrificing.

23b.According to Durkheim crime: A. Defines the social norms B. Is ineffectual and counterproductive

C. Prevents social sentiments from being expressed D. Keeps part of the labor force impoverished E. Is the source of the moral conscience.

24b. In the Sociology of Prostitution Kingsley Davis believed the family is strong if: A. Erotic expression is held to reproduction B. Prostitution is negatively sanctioned C. Prostitution is vigorous D. Wages are increased for working girls E. It is a socially approved function

25b. In Erikson’s analysis of Puritan American communities: A. Do not exists without some concept of ‘non-community” B. Have open boundaries to accept new communities C. Are social systems located only in physical places D. Encourage direct contact with people living in other local communities E. Believed they were protected from deviant behavior.

Lii Social Disorganization

26b.Which two opposing forces determine the stability of group institutions. A. Disorganization & Immigration, B. Disorganization & Reorganization C. Disorganization & Institutionalization D. Reorganization & Reconstruction E. Personal disorganization & Social disorganization.

27b. The replacement of one set of social institutions by another is called: A. Social Reconstruction B. Social Reorganization C. Social Disorganization D. Institutional Disorganization E. Institutional Reorganization

28b.Park, Burgess and McKenzie saw advancement in technology and industry as change which: A. Produced industrial progress and peaceful migration B. Immortalizes and effectively changes social norms C. Eases the treatment of juvenile delinquency D. Disrupts habits on which a stable order is based. E. Improved the quality of education.

29b. According to Faris and Dunham's deviance in the city is most clearly a function of A. Urbanization within each zone, B. The population which moves within the zones, C. The nature of life within the zones D. The conflict with contiguous zones, E. City expenditures in each zone.

30b. According to Faris & Dunham, the highest suicide rates are found in: A. Unmarried white-collar workers; B. Minority teenagers; D. Lower SES African Americans, E. Upwardly mobile whites.

Liii Anomie Theory

31b.Emile Durkheim's Anomie means: A. Normlessness B. Value Free C. Welfare State D. Cultural determinism E. Structural strain

32b. Merton believed that because the social structure effectively limited the availability of legitimate institutionalized means, a _______is placed on the people. A. Goal B. disjunction C. Responsibility

D. Negative action E. Strain

33b. Durkheim believed protection against suicide is possible with: A. Adequate wealth B. A stable condition of poverty C. Technological advancement D. Religious crusades, E. Unregulated industry

34b. Merton believed individuals adapted to the problem of anomie or strain in one of several way. Which one of the following is NOT one of Merton's adaptations A. Retreatism B. Rebellion C. Reaction D. Innovation E. Conformity

35b Frustration is the individual's own fault; "failures" such as the poor and ill are inevitable if not just. These statements are an expression of: A. The conservative myth B. Family values C. Goal-means anomie

D. Non conforming adaptations E. Rebellions adaptation

Liv Differential Association

36b. The Differential Association Theory sees the root cause of criminal behavior as: A. Poverty B.

A. stagnated social psychological problem C. A consequence of isolation from groups D. Learned from others in groups E. Racial discrimination

37b.Sutherland believed a procedure to search for what criminals have in common would put order in criminological knowledge. He called this procedure A. Situational B. Introduction of factors

C. Differentiation of levels of analysis D. Mechanistic E. Logical abstraction

38b. Sutherland was distinguished by his determination to show that crime is not limited to A. lower SES populations, B. urban settings, C. American gangsters, D. modern societies, E. men.

39b. Glasser argued that, compared to differential association theory, differential identification theory is A. more parsimonious, B. more directed at effective rehabilitation, C. is the direction of converging research, D. all of the above, E. None of the above.

40b. In Other People's Money, Cressey identifiesd trust violators with all the following characteristics EXCEPT A. Perception of opportunity B. Avoids definition of self as criminal C. proneness to feeling guilty D. His or her problem is unshareable E. Perception of rationalization

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