Leading States in India for Livestock Production



142875-16192500-5915025249110500POULTRY : SOME IMPORTANT FACTSZoological classification:Kingdom : AnimaliaPhylum : Chordata (with bone)Sub-Phylum : Vertebra (Animal having spinal column)Class : Aves (Feathered, warm blooded vertebrates with 4-chambered heart)Sub-class : Neorniths (without teeth)Biological data of different poultry species & common termsS.NoSpeciesIncubation period (days)Chromosome number (pairs)Age at sexual maturity (weeks)1.Chicken213918-202.Duck284028-303.Muscovy duck33-354028-304.Goose28-324028-305.Guinea fowl27-283928-326.Turkey284028-307.Quail17-18396-78.Pigeon183910-129.Ostrich42405210Emu52-554052SpeciesYoung(0-8 weeks)Young(9-18 weeks) AdultMale Castrated Male FemaleMaleFemaleChickenChickCockerelPulletCock/RoosterHenCaponDuckDucklingDrakeletDuckletDrakeDuckTurkeyPoultTomHenQuailChickCockHenGuinea fowlKeetCockHenGooseGooslingGanderGoosePigeonSquabPigeonPigeonSwanCygnetSwanSwanThe livestock provides food and non-food items to the people. 1. Food: The livestock provides food items such as Milk, Meat and Eggs for human consumption. India is number one milk producer in the world. 2. Fibre and skins: The livestock also contributes to the production of wool, hair, hides, and pelts. Leather is the most important product which has a very high export potential. 3. Draft: Bullocks are the back bone of Indian agriculture. Despite lot of advancements in the use of mechanical power in Indian agricultural operations, the Indian farmer especially in rural areas still depend upon bullocks for various agricultural operations. The bullocks are saving a lot on fuel which is a necessary input for using mechanical power like tractors, combine harvesters etc. Pack animals like camels, horses, donkeys, ponies, mules etc are being extensively used to transport goods in different parts of the country in addition to bullocks. In situations like hilly terrains mules and ponies serve as the only alternative to transport goods. Similarly, the army has to depend upon these animals to transport various items in high areas of high altitude. 4. Dung and other animal waste materials: Dung and other animal wastes serve as very good farm yard manure and the value of it is worth several crores of rupees. In addition it is also used as fuel (bio gas, dung cakes), and for construction as poor man's cement (dung). 5. Storage: Livestock are considered as “moving banks” because of their potentiality to dispose off during emergencies. They serve as capital and in cases of landless agricultural labourers many time it is the only capital resource they possess. Livestock serve as an asset and in case of emergencies they serve as guarantee for availing loans from the local sources such as money lenders in the villages. 6. Weed control: Livestock are also used as Biological control of brush, plants and weeds. 7. Cultural: Livestock offer security to the owners and also add to their self esteem especially when they own prized animals such as pedigreed bulls, dogs and high yielding cows/ buffaloes etc. 8. Sports / recreation: People also use the animals like cocks, rams, bulls etc for competition and sports. Despite ban on these animal competitions the cock fights, ram fights and bull fights & bull racing (jalli kattu) are quite common during festive seasons. 9. Companion animals: Dogs are known for their faithfulness and are being used as companions since time immemorial. When the nuclear families are increasing in number and the old parents are forced to lead solitary life the dogs, cats are providing the needed company to the latter thus making them lead a comfortable life. The livestock plays an important role in the economy of farmers. The farmers in India maintain mixed farming system i.e. a combination of crop and livestock where the output of one enterprise becomes the input of another enterprise thereby realize the resource efficiency. Livestock production and agriculture are intrinsically linked, each being dependent on the other,and both crucial for overall security. Livestock sector is an important sub0sector of the agriculture of Indian economy.It forms an important livelihood activity for most of the farmers,supporting agriculture in the form of critical inputs, contributing to the health and nutrition of the household, supplementing incomes, offering employment opportunities and finally being a dependable “bank on hooves” .It also acts as supplementary and complementary enterprise.The livestock serve the farmers in different ways. 1. Income: Livestock is a source of subsidiary income for many families in India especially the resource poor who maintain few heads of animals. Cows and buffaloes if in milk will provide regular income to the livestock farmers through sale of milk. Animals like sheep and goat serve as sources of income during emergencies to meet exigencies like marriages, treatment of sick persons, children education, repair of houses etc. The animals also serve as moving banks and assets which provide economic security to the owners. 2. Employment: A large number of people in India being less literate and unskilled depend upon agriculture for their livelihoods. But agriculture being seasonal in nature could provide employment for a maximum of 180 days in a year. The landless and less land people depend upon livestock for utilizing their labour during lean agricultural season. 3. Food: The livestock products such as milk, meat and eggs are an important source of animal protein to the members of the livestock owners. 4. Social security: The animals offer social security to the owners in terms of their status in the society. The families especially the landless which own animals are better placed than those who do not. Gifting of animals during marriages is a very common phenomenon in different parts of the country. Rearing of animals is a part of the Indian culture. Animals are used for various socio religious functions. Cows for house warming ceremonies; rams, bucks and chicken for sacrifice during festive seasons; Bulls and Cows are worshipped during various religious functions. Many owners develop attachment to their animals. Standings of India in the worldRankingSector1stTotal Livestock Population, Milk Production, Cattle Population, Buffalo Population, Carabeef Production, Goat Milk Production, Total Bovine Population2ndGoat Population, Bristle Production (a pig industry by-product), Fish Production3rdSheep Production, Egg Production4thChicken Production5thPoultry Meat Production, Poultry Production8thDuck Production9thCamel Population, Wool ProductionAnimal Products StatisticsCommodityTotal Production (per year)Per Capita AvailabilityICMR RecommendationsMilk165.4 MT355 grams/day280 grams/dayMeat7.4 MT2.96 kg/year11 kg/yearEggs88.1 billion69 eggs/year182 eggs/yearTotal Wool Production in India: 43.5 million KgLeading States in India for Livestock ProductionFeatureStateHighest milk producing stateUttar Pradesh (25,198 L)State with highest per capita availability of milkPunjab (1075 g)State with highest per capita availability of eggsAndhra Pradesh (312 eggs)Highest meat productionUttar PradeshHighest goat meat productionWest BengalHighest poultry and sheep meat productionAndhra PradeshHighest wool productionRajasthanHighest indigenous milch cowsMadhya PradeshHighest Cross-bred or exotic cowsTamil NaduHighest number of poultry birdsAndhra PradeshHighest number of mulesJammu & KashmirHighest number of livestockUttar PradeshHighest cattle populationMadhya PradeshHighest buffalo populationUttar PradeshHighest sheep populationAndhra PradeshHighest goat populationRajasthanHighest pig populationAssamHighest camel populationRajasthanHighest mithun populationArunachal PradeshHighest yak populationJammu & KashmirHighest horses and ponies populationUttar PradeshHighest donkey populationRajasthanShare of Uttar Pradesh in Total Milk Production in India: 16.8%Share of Tamil Nadu in Total Egg Production in India: 18.9%Share of Uttar Pradesh in Total Meat Production in India: 18.23%Share of Rajasthan in Total Wool Production in India: 32.9%Growth Rates of Livestock ProductsProductGrowth RateMeat5.21 per centBroiler production11 per centEgg production6.28 per centMilk production5.3 per centWool production-0.08 per centHighest growth rate in milk production: Andhra Pradesh (12.6%)Highest growth rate in egg production: Himachal Pradesh (18.2%)Highest growth rate in meat production: Daman & Diu (65.4%) (Among states: Maharashtra (25.2%))Highest growth rate in wool production: Arunachal Pradesh (63.17%)Value Output from Livestock RearingSectorPercentage of total outputMilk and Milk Products65.05 per centMeat and Meat Products19.83 per centDung6.93 per centEggs3.77 per centIncrement in Livestock3.35 per centWool and Hair0.2 per centPercentage Distribution of Total LivestockSpeciesPercentageCattle37. 28 per centBuffalo21.23 per centSheep12. 71 per centGoat26.40 per centPigs2.01 per centOthers0.37 per centSpecies Wise Milk Contribution to Total Milk Production in IndiaSpeciesPercentage of Total MilkBuffalo indigenous35 per centBuffalo non-descript14 per centCow indigenous11 per centCow non-descript9 per centCow cross-bred26 per centCow exotic1 per centGoat3 per centSpecies Wise Egg Contribution to Total Egg Production in IndiaSpeciesPercentage of Total EggsImproved fowl86.80 per centDesi fowl11.96 per centDesi duck0.96 per centImproved duck0.28 per centSpecies Wise Meat Contribution to Total Meat Production in IndiaSpeciesPercentage of Total MeatPoultry47.05 per centBuffalo19.80 per centGoat14.25 per centSheep7.68 per centPig6.50 per centCattle4.72 per cent ?**Reasonable efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of the data used in the notes, however the students are requested to check latest data and figures released by different govt. agencies time to time .? ................
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