Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium ... - Organic Reactions

The annulation of internal alkynes with 2-haloanilines was initially developed using 2-iodoanilines and their N-substituted derivatives.30,31 The best results were obtained using an excess of the internal alkyne in the presence of sodium or potassium carbonate as bases, LiCl or Bu4NCl as additives, and occasionally adding Ph3P at 100° in DMF. ................
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