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P2 | APUSH | Wiley | DBQ Exemplar Analysis 2, D___Name: 5020310698500Prompt: Although New England and the Chesapeake regions were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. For what reasons did this difference in development occur? Important Geographic Notes“New England,” by 1700 includes:The “Chesapeake region,” by 1700 includes:Massachusetts Bay ColonyNew Hampshire Connecticut Rhode IslandVirginiaMarylandStep 1: Actively read the documents in the document handout (documents A-H). Some may find that they remember a lot of this material from their last U.S. history class. 501153023749000For others, this may be new information, so just do your best to understand the content. Before reading each document, determine what region (NE or Chesapeake) the document is speaking from/about and label the documents accordingly.Mark up documents according to the DBQ guidelines (see Survival Guide). A note about Document B: You’ll see the word “husbandman.” Here’s the definition: A husbandman was an English term used to describe a free tenant farmer or small landowner. The meaning of “husband” in this term is "master of house" rather than "married man.” Step 2: Actively read the exemplar essay and complete the prompts below:Place brackets around the author’s contextualization and label accordingly. What info does the essay provide to set the stage (building larger context for the prompt)? List below:Place brackets around the thesis and label accordingly. Summarize the thesis below, in your own words.One of the APUSH DBQ requirements is that students must analyze one of the following (point of view, purpose, intended audience, or historical context) for at least three of the sources cited. Indicate which skill the author exhibits for each of the sources in the chart to practice identifying these skills. Document ABHD/EReview the DBQ rubric in the Survival Guide. What grade does this essay deserve? Explain.NE vs. Chesapeake DBQ ExemplarDuring the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Britain, like the Spanish, French, and Dutch, sought and acquired colonies in the “New World.” Unlike the Spanish, who rapidly conquered the West Indies and Central and South America, Britain experienced several failed attempts at settlement in North America before planting its first colony in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. About two decades later, a Puritan exodus began that resulted in the founding of Britain’s second colony, the Massachusetts Bay Colony, to the north of Jamestown. Both colonies, and the regions that grew out of them, shared a common British heritage, developed profitable economic systems, were characterized by hostile relations with Native Americans, accepted slave labor, and experimented with some democratic—albeit exclusive—forms of governance. Despite these similarities, the Chesapeake and New England regions quickly took on distinct characteristics based on their differing social, economic, and geographic factors, such that by 1700, the communities stood in stark contrast to one another. These differences developed as a result of different motives and incentives of the English settlers; the composition of their respective groups; the forms of government they established in North America; and finally, geography. These stark contrasts outweigh the aforementioned similarities.When the New England settlers first arrived, they had strong ties to religion. As Puritans, they sought to establish a purified version of Protestantism in the New World and live in the image of the first Christians. They believed that it was their responsibility and God’s expectation that they create moral, Christian communities. John Winthrop, who became the governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, described this responsibility in his Model of Christian Charity, a sermon written for the first group of Puritans to come to the New World: failure to achieve their “city on a hill” would “open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of…God” (Document A). Primary motivations in the Chesapeake, on the other hand, were not religious; instead, they were economic. Those that departed England for Jamestown expected to extract tribute from the region’s Indian population while it searched out valuable commodities like gold. As Captain John Smith himself described in 1624, settlers went to the region to “dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, [and] load gold” (Document F). This resulted in competition, rather than bonding, over the settlement, a far cry from Winthrop’s vision of “brotherly affection” (Document A). The demographics of New England and the Chesapeake differed widely. A ship’s list of emigrants to New England in 1635 were primarily young families with children and servants (Document B). There were nearly as many women as men, and the party included skilled craftsmen and farmers. Puritans emigrated in this way because they hoped to create communities like the ones they left behind, except that they intended to establish them according to Protestant principles. In contrast, a Virginia’s ship list in the same year reports six times as many men as women, with little evidence of any relationships among them (Document C). The relative stability of the nuclear family and its ordering influence suggests a very different New England society than the Virginia populated by young single males. The difference in composition among these different migrant groups helps to explain why New England societies quickly developed community institutions, while growth of cities, schools, and churches in the Chesapeake was much slower. Throughout the century, New England maintained a strong, communal identity—at least for those who conformed and adhered to the theocratic society—while the Chesapeake remained widely scattered. In terms of political organization, New Englanders enforced a strong sense of community with access to property, as indicated by Articles of Agreement in 1636 (Document D), and fair wages and prices, as indicated by Connecticut regulations in 1676 (Document E). Such agreements lessened any chance of class warfare, as the government was quite responsive to the needs of its people and acted consciously to reject the feudal practices of traditional English society. The government regulated the profits of merchants, for example, in the interests of the community, consistent with Puritan morals espoused by Winthrop (Document A). The same cannot be said for the Chesapeake, which experienced significant class tension with its combination of poor free men, indentured servants, slaves, and plantation owners. Such tension in Virginia led Nathaniel Bacon and his “army” to challenge the government. Bacon and his followers desired removal of the Indian threat and an end to the reign of the wealthy “parasites” in Virginia (Document H). Chesapeake authorities did little to prevent the accumulation of wealth and monopolies of the wealthy, and suffered internal conflict, and the burning of Jamestown, as a result. Geography also played a role in creating distinct communities. The climate of the Chesapeake region was appealing to large landholders; it was profitable because mass production of tobacco was possible, which in turn generated demand for indentured servants, and later, African slaves. The climate of New England, however, made the production of staple crops less possible; thus, New England did not become dependent on slavery, and the economy became more diversified as a result. The colder climate in New England also inhibited the spread of disease, which increased life expectancy in the region. As the Chesapeake climate allowed the rapid spread of disease, life spans were shorter, making it even more difficult for families to grow.The differences between these two regions are abundant. The motives and incentives of the English settlers, the composition of their respective groups, the forms of government they established, and the geography of the land itself, all contributed to this stark divide amongst people who shared a common ancestry. By 1700, the New England colonies were more cohesive and successful on a collective level, and were not dependent upon the immoral institution of slavery, though they admittedly prospered from it and some did own slaves. Given this information, it should come as no surprise that New England today votes Democrat, given the historical roots of community, collectivism, and government activism in the economy. Likewise, it should come as no surprise that the Chesapeake region today votes Republican, given the historical roots of individualism, competition, and hierarchy. Which is in the right, and looks the most like a “city upon a hill”? ................
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