Powershell http request

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Powershell http request

While many pages on the internet provide their information directly when accessing a web page, many others are not so simple. For example, the site can be protected from a login page (which then sets cookies,) followed by another form (which requires those cookies) that returns a search result. automation of these scenarios almost always requires a pretty thorough understanding of the web application in question, as well as how web applications work in general. even with this understanding, automating these scenarios usually requires a large amount of scripting: the parsing http headers, sending them in subsequent requests, the form of crafts answers post, and more. as an example of bare scripting of a facebook login, consider the following example that simply determines the login cookie to be used in further page requests: $credential = Get-Credential ## get the initial cookies $wc = New-Object .WebClient $wc.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 7.0;)") $result = $wc.DownloadString(" '$wc = New-Object .WebClient $wc.Headers.Add("User-Agent", "User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; msie 7.0;)") $wc.Headers. username) $postValues.Add("pass", $credential.GetNetworkCredential(). # password # get the resulting cookie, and convert it to the form to return ## in the query string $result = $wc.UploadValues(" $postvalues) $cookie = $wc.ResponseHeaders["Set-Cookie"] $spcook '$cookie this is only for login. writing a complete web session using this manual approach can easily take hundreds of lines ofIf supported in your version of PowerShell, the parameters -SessionVariable and -WebSession of the Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet do not remove the need to understand how your target web application works. However, they eliminate drudgery and complexity of dealing with naked HTTP requests and responses. This improved session support comes mainly through four features: Automated management of cookies Most web applications store their status in cookies-- Session ID and login information being the two most common things to store. When a web application requires a cookie to be stored or deleted, Invoke-WebRequest automatically records this information in the given session variable. Subsequently, requests using this session variable automatically provide the cookies required by the web application. You can view the cookies in use by looking at the cookie property of the session variable: $fb.Cookies.GetCookies(" ") | Select the name, Value Automatic redirection support After sending a web form (especially a login form), many sites redirect through a series of intermediate pages before finally landing on the target page. In the basic HTTP script, this compels you to manage the many HTTP redirect status codes, parse of the location header and resubire all appropriate values. The Invoke-WebRequest cmdlet handles this for you; the result comes from the final page in any redirection sequence. If you want to overwrite this behavior, use the -MaximumRedirection parameter. Applications that require an advanced session script tend to take most of their input data from fields in HTML modules, rather than items in the URL itself. Invoke-WebRequest exposes these formsthe Forms property of its result. This collection returns the form ID (useful if there are multiple forms), the module action (URL that should be used to send the module), and the fields defined by the module. Presentation module In the traditional HTTP, HTTP script,a form is a complicated process. you need to collect all the fields of the module, codify them correctly, determine the resulting encoded length, and post all these data to the target url. Invoke-WebRequest makes this very simple through the -body parameter used as input when selecting posts as the -method parameter value. the -body parameter accepts input in one of the three formats: the result of a previous call called Invoke-WebRequest, in which case values from the first form are used (if the answer contains only one module.) a specific module (as selected manually by the property forms of a previous call Invoke-WebRequest), in which the case values from that form are used. an idictionary (hashtable,) in which names and values of that dictionary are used. a xml node, in which case the xml is directly encoded. This is mainly used for scripting api rest, and it is unlikely to be used during scripting sessions of web applications. an byte array, in this case bytes are used and encoded directly. this is mainly used for Scripting data uploads. Let's take a look at how these play a part in the script from the solution, which detects how many notifications are suspended on facebook. Given how fast web applications change, it is unlikely that this example will continue to work for a long time. It nevertheless demonstrates the process of thinking. when you connect before to facebook, you need to access. facebook funnel this through a page called login.php: $login = Invoke-WebRequest -secessible fb if you look at the page that is returned, there is a single module that includes fields of e-mail and passage: ps > $login. Forms.Fields key value --- ----- (...) return_session 0 legacy_return 1 session_key_only 0 trynum 1 email pass1 default_persistent 0 (...) we fill them in: $cred = Get-Credential $login.Forms[0]. Fields.email = $cred.UserName $login.Forms[0]. Fields.pass = $cred.GetNetworkCredential(). password and send the form. we oiamo $fb $fbthe -WebSession parameter, as it is what we used during the original request. POST to the URL referred to in the Action field of the login form, and use the $login variable as the request body. The $login variable is the answer we got from the first request, where we customized the fields of the e-mail and pass form. Power Shell recognizes that this was the result of a previous web request, and uses that single form like the body POST: $mainPage = Invoke-WebRequest $login. Shapes[0]. Action -WebSession $fb ` -Body $login -Method Post If you look at the raw HTML returned from this reply (the content ownership), you can see that the counting of notifications is contained in a span item with the notification ID. Value: (...)

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