DNS (Domain Name Services)
Basic UNIX Service Configuration
Files: /etc/services
/etc/protocols
/etc/networks
INETD
Files: INETD.CONF, TCPD Wrappers
Hosts.allow, hosts.deny
XINETD
Files: See XINETD.CONF, /etc/xinetd.d
Hosts.allow, hosts.deny in /etc
Commands: ping traceroute, netstat
( DHCP, BOOTP
Files: /etc/dhcpd.conf
( DNS (Domain Name Services)
CLIENT (e.g. “resolver”)
Files:
Hostname: unqualified or FQDN (
/etc/hosts: IP address, names, aliases of all local interfaces and loopback (minimum)
/etc/resolv.conf: main directives: DOMAIN- of this host
SEARCH – subdomain order for unqualified names
NAMESERVER – IP address of external DNS server
/etc/host.conf: order of internal, external DNS lookup
/etc/nsswitch.conf: order of lookup for any name service
Commands: hostname NSLOOKUP, DIG (DNS Internet Groper)
SERVER
Berkley Internet Naming Daemon (BIND), NAMED. TCP (server) /UDP (Client) port #53
Types: “caching only” (no zone files), primary (R/W zone files), secondary (R/O zone files)
Files: /etc/named.conf
Main directives: Directory - where zone files are stored
Forwarders - IP address of Internet DNS server
Allow transfer - IP address of secondary DNS server
NAMED.CA “root hints”, IP address of “root” Internet DNS servers
Localhost. 0.0..127.in-addr.arpa – local forward/reverse lookup zones.
ZONE Files: “Forward: - record types A, MX, NS etc
“Reverse” – record type PTR, NS
Also SOA, TTL, parameters etc. (See examples)
( Web Services
CLIENT – “Browser” – IE, Netscape, Mozilla, LYNX
Server – IIS, Apache, other. TCP port: 80 (default)
Files (Apache): /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. srm.conf and access.conf are obsolete.
Directives: ServerType – virtial/standalone
StartServers - # HTTP processes
Listen – IP address:port #
Port – 80
User/Group: “chroot” permissions ID
ServerName – FQDN/localhost
DocumentRoot – Directory(ies) structure where web pages are stored
ServerRoot – Directory structure where server config files stored
DirectoryIndex – lidst of “start” documents
Virtual Server – other web server names
( SENDMAIL (also SMAIL, QMAIL etc) WWW.
Client (MUA or Message User Agent) – mail, elm, pine
Browser – Outlook, Netscape Messenger, Eudora
Files: $HOME/mailbox, $HOME/mbox, /var/spool/mail/userid
Client (Browser based or other like Eudora) – POP or IMAP
Server (MTA or Message Transfer Agent), TCP port: 25
Files: /etc/sendmail.cf - basic configuration file
/etc/aliases – local system accounts mapped to other accounts
/etc/mail/access – who can “relay” using this server
/etc/mail/local-host-names - who this server receives mail for
/etc/mail/relay-domains – who this server sends mail for
/etc/mail/virtusertable – specific user ID’s for inbound E-Mail delivery
/etc/mail/sendmail.mc – M4 macro parameter file generating sendmail.cf
Directives: Fw – domain aliases
Dj – local domain (non-FQDN hostname)
DS – “Smart” relay host
DM – “masquerading domain
O – privacyoptions
Other info: See DNS MX Record Setup
( TELNET
See XINETD, hosts.allow, hosts.deny, /etc/securetty.
( FTP
WUFTP standard on some systems.
See FTPUSERS, FTPACCESS files in /etc for these systems.
VSFTPD standard on LINUX as of 2.4 (Release 9).
Files: VSFTPD.CONF- basic configuration
user_list, ftpusers in /etc/vsftpd
Directives: anonymous_enable=YES
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
connect_from_port_20=YES
ascii_upload_enable=YES
ascii_download_enable=YES
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
Other info: See DNS MX Record Setup
NFS
portmap: The primary daemon upon which all the others rely, portmap manages connections for applications that use the RPC specification. By default, portmap listens to TCP port 111 on which an initial connection is made. This is then used to negotiate a range of TCP ports, usually above port 1024, to be used for subsequent data transfers. You need to run portmap on both the NFS server and client.
nfs: Starts the RPC processes needed to serve shared NFS file systems. The nfs daemon needs to be run on the NFS server only.
nfslock: Used to allow NFS clients to lock files on the server via RPC processes. The nfslock daemon needs to be run on both the NFS server and client.
netfs: Allows RPC processes run on NFS clients to mount NFS filesystems on the server. The nfslock daemon needs to be run on the NFS client only.
Commands
Server
rpcinfo
exportfs -
Client
rpcinfo
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.100:/data/files /mnt/nfs
auto.master
Files
/etc/exports
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