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Environmental Science 9&10 revisionMultiple Choice (Any 45) 1 Mark eachIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.Which of the following situations best describes the use of a renewable resource?a.filling a car with gasolinec.mining copperb.building wooden furnitured.burning coal in a power plant____2.During the _____ period(s), humans altered their habitats.a.hunter-gathererc.Industrial Revolutionb.agricultural revolutiond.All of the above____3.The _____ was not a direct result of the Industrial Revolution.a.overhunting of large mammalsc.improved quality of lifeb.shift in the use of fossil fuelsd.growth of cities____4.All of these fields of study contribute to environmental science excepta.linguistics.c.social sciences.b.biology and earth sciences.d.physics and chemistry.____5.In which country is the population likely to be increasing most rapidly?a.Kenyac.Australiab.Germanyd.Norway____6.Using scientific information from chemistry and biology to devise a plan to clean up a lake and make it healthy again describesa.ecology.c.earth science.b.environmental science.d.social science.____7.Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?a.Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen.b.Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.c.Loss of biodiversity is not a concern because extinctions are common.d.Both (a) and (b)____8.A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is thea.interaction among living things.b.use of natural resources.c.influence of humans on the environment.d.Both (a) and (b)____9.During the agricultural revolution,a.plants and animals were domesticated.b.fossil fuel use increased.c.human populations decreased due to disease.d.Both (a) and (c)____10._____ is a biodegradable material that becomes a pollutant if allowed to accumulate more rapidly than it can decompose.a.Plasticc.Newspaperb.Mercuryd.Metal from junk cars____11.Which of the following describes the depletion of a renewable resource?a.hunting of excess deer to maintain a healthy population sizeb.intensive cultivation of farmland that exhausts soil nutrientsc.mining coald.increasing use of solar energy to generate electrical power____12.All of the following issues involve environmental science excepta.measuring smog levels in cities.b.asking people questions about the cost of various resources.c.studying the loss of plant and animal species.d.publishing the results of a study on fossil fuel depletion.____13.The fact that useful man-made substances can cause unforeseen damage is illustrated bya.the detection of Oscillatoria rubescens in Lake Washington.b.the condition of the atmosphere’s protective ozone layer.c.the pollution of the Gulf of Mexico from farm chemicals.d.All of the above____14.Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?a.Indiac.Mexicob.Canadad.Pakistan____15.The “Tragedy of the Commons” describes the conflict betweena.developing and developed nations.c.individuals and society.b.farmers and industrialized society.d.Canada and Mexico.____16.A sustainable world would be characterized by thea.preservation of rare animals by relocation from natural habitats to laboratories.b.invention of safer storage facilities for increased amounts of toxic wastes.c.maximum exploitation of natural resources using more advanced technologies.d.indefinite existence of human populations in a healthy and prosperous condition.____17.According to the law of supply and demand, what would occur if the supply of oil declined and the demand remained the same?a.oil prices would dropc.oil usage would dropb.oil prices would increased.oil usage would increase____18.An ecological footprint is thea.mark a person’s shoe makes in soft earth.b.number of animals a person has killed.c.amount of land and ocean area needed to support one person.d.number of trees people cut down.____pared to developing nations, developed nations havea.lower health standards.c.greater personal wealth.b.faster-growing populations.d.higher health standards.____20.Which of the following is a developing nation?a.the United Statesc.Canadab.Franced.Ethiopia____21.A resident of _____ is likely to leave the largest ecological footprint.a.Indonesiac.the United Statesb.Britaind.India____22.Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period(s) in human history?a.hunter-gatherer periodc.Industrial Revolutionb.agricultural revolutiond.Both (a) and (c)____23.Using economic considerations of resource use, the law of supply and demand describesa.the availability of abundant resources.b.the relationship between the availability and the worth of resources.c.the worth of nonrenewable resources.d.reduced demand resulting from a lack of available resources.____24.Listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular environmental solution is an example of a(n)a.cost-benefit analysis.c.ecological footprint.b.risk assessment.d.market equilibrium.____25.Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons” essay addresses the conflicts associated with what environmental challenge?a.preventing pollutionc.curbing overpopulationb.preserving biodiversityd.protecting shared resources____26.The term “biodiversity” refers toa.The number of species living on Earth.b.The number and variety of species living on Earth.c.The number and variety of species that are considered renewable.d.The number and variety of species that live in an pletion ( Any Twelve) 1 Mark Each /12 Complete each statement.1.Sunlight, air, forests, minerals, and water are all _________________________.2.The introduction of harmful levels of chemicals or wastes into the environment is called ____________________.3.A society achieves ____________________ when people can maintain a high standard of living without depleting available resources.4.When the last member of a species dies, ____________________ is said to have occurred.5.Copper ore, petroleum, and diamonds are all ______________________________.6.A science that examines how living things interact with each other and with their nonliving environment is called ____________________.7.During the _________________________ period in history, humans lived in tribes and used fires to maintain prairie habitat.8.During the _________________________ period in history, plants and animals were domesticated and human populations grew rapidly.9.Rapid population growth, poverty, and reduced life expectancy are all characteristic of ____________________ countries.10.A(n) _________________________ pollutant is a harmful material that cannot be broken down by natural processes.11.The applied science that focuses on the environmental effects of human activities is called _________________________.12.The number and variety of species in an area is called ____________________.13.Earth science, physics, chemistry, social sciences, and ____________________ all contribute to the field of environmental science.14.A person’s _________________________ is an indication of the productive area of Earth needed to produce the resources consumed by that individual.15.According to the law of ______________________________, the price of oil is directly related to the rate of its production.16.The essay entitled “The Tragedy of the Commons” was written to illustrate the environmental conflicts that occur when many people in a community take advantage of the same _________________________ in that area.17.Newspapers and human sewage are examples of _________________________ pollutants.18.High fossil fuel consumption, low population growth rates, and high life expectancy are all characteristic of ____________________ countries.19.During the _________________________ period in history, great technological strides were made, but pollution first became a significant environmental problem.20.A natural material that can be replaced relatively quickly by natural processes is known as a(n) _________________________.21.The three major categories of environmental problems are: loss of biodiversity, pollution, and _________________________.22.Residents of developed countries consume ____________________ percent of the world’s resources.23.Residents of ____________________ countries make up about 80 percent of the world’s total population.Short Answer 5 Marks /51.What is the main reason that species are being lost to extinction?2.Name and describe three human activities that affect the environment.3.Name three factors or measures used to compare developing and developed countries.4.Name the two types of pollution and describe the difference between them.5.Give three examples each of renewable and nonrenewable resources.6.Name the five major fields of study that contribute to environmental science.7.What were three positive developments that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?8.What activities of hunter-gatherers altered the environment?9.During which period in human history were most of our modern environmental problems introduced? What are they?Problem Solving 5 Marks /51.Refer to the graph above. Approximately how much more rain forest did Brazil lose in 1990 than it did in 1980?2.Refer to the graph above. If India loses 50 percent more rainforest in 2010 than it did in 1990, how much rain forest will it lose in 2010?3.Refer to the graph above. What was the approximate combined loss of rain forest in 1990 for Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia? What percentage increase or decrease does this represent over the combined loss for these countries in 1980?Essay ( Any Two) 5 Marks Each /101.The “ecological footprint” left by a citizen of a developed nation is about four times larger than that left by a citizen of a developing nation. Why is this the case?2. If you could travel in time to a period before the Industrial Revolution, what actions would you initiate to minimize current environmental problems?Environmental Science 9&10 revisionAnswer SectionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:42.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:33.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:34.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:25.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:46.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:17.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:58.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:19.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:310.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:511.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:412.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:113.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:514.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:415.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:116.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:517.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:218.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:319.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:420.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:321.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:322.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:1REF:1OBJ:323.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:224.ANS:APTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:325.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:1REF:2OBJ:126.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:5COMPLETION1.ANS:natural resourcesPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:42.ANS:pollutionPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:53.ANS:sustainabilityPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:54.ANS:extinctionPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:55.ANS:nonrenewable resourcesPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:46.ANS:ecologyPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:17.ANS:hunter-gathererPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:38.ANS:agricultural revolutionPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:39.ANS:developingPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:410.ANS:nonbiodegradablePTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:511.ANS:environmental sciencePTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:112.ANS:biodiversityPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:513.ANS:biologyPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:214.ANS:ecological footprintPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:315.ANS:supply and demandPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:216.ANS:natural resourcesPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:117.ANS:biodegradablePTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:518.ANS:developedPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:419.ANS:Industrial RevolutionPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:320.ANS:renewable resourcePTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:421.ANS:resource depletionPTS:1DIF:2REF:1OBJ:522.ANS:75PTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:323.ANS:developingPTS:1DIF:2REF:2OBJ:3SHORT ANSWER1.ANS:destruction or pollution of habitatPTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:52.ANS:Answers may vary. Examples include pollution, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and overpopulation.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:53.ANS:Answers may vary but may include: life expectancy, population growth rate, and energy use.PTS:1DIF:3REF:2OBJ:44.ANS:biodegradable, breaks down; nonbiodegradable, does not break down by natural processesPTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:55.ANS:Answers may vary but may include: renewable—sunlight, water, and air; nonrenewable—fossil fuels, minerals, and metals.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:46.ANS:biology, chemistry, physics, social sciences and earth sciencePTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:27.ANS:Answers may vary but may include: more efficient agriculture, industry, and transportation; less expensive production of goods; improved sanitation, nutrition, and medical care.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:38.ANS:burned prairie to maintain grasslands, over-hunted large mammalsPTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:39.ANS:Industrial Revolution; list of problems may vary but may include: pollution from fossil fuels, large-scale loss of natural habitats, beginning of consumption crisis, and rapid population growth.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:3PROBLEM1.ANS:Brazil lost approximately 27,000 square kilometers in 1990 and about 10,000 square kilometers in 1980. This is a difference of 17,000 square kilometers of tropical rain forest lost.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:52.ANS:India lost approximately 9,000 square kilometers in 1990. 9,000???50?percent?=?4,500 square kilometers. Therefore, India’s loss in 2010 would be 9,000?+?4,500 square kilometers, equaling 13,500 square kilometers. Alternate solution: 9,000???150 percent?=?13,500 square kilometers.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:53.ANS:Approximate combined loss (in square kilometers for 1990): 4,000 (Myanmar)?+?2,500 (Thailand)?+?5,000?(Indonesia)?=?11,500 square kilometers lost. Approximate combined loss (in square kilometers for 1980): 1,000?(Myanmar)?+?3,000?(Thailand)?+?3,000?(Indonesia)?=?7,000 square kilometers lost. The formula to find the percentage change is: “the amount of change” divided by “the original amount.” The amount of change is 4,500 square kilometers. (11,500?–?7,000?=?4,500). The original amount is 7,000 square kilometers. 4,500???7,000?=?0.6428, which rounds off to 64 percent. Therefore, the loss of rain forest increased by 64 percent in 1990 as opposed to 1980 figures.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:5ESSAY1.ANS:Answers may vary but should mention the high rates of consumption in developed countries and the amount of land and sea required to support residents of such countries.PTS:1DIF:3REF:2OBJ:32.ANS:Answers may vary but may include: introduction of pollution controls during the Industrial Revolution, developing effective agricultural practices that could be shared worldwide, preserving natural areas to reduce species loss and protect habitats, developing cleaner fuels, and de-emphasizing consumption.PTS:1DIF:3REF:1OBJ:5 ................
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