UNITS OF MEASURE AND CONVERSIONS FACTORS

[Pages:10]UNITS OF MEASURE AND CONVERSIONS FACTORS

Bert T. Swanson

Abbreviations Abbreviation ac Bu C or c cc cm cm2 cm3 C:N dm dr dS/m EC ft ft2 ft3 gal gm gn ha in in2 in3 kg kl km l lb lbs m m2 m3 meg mg mi mi2 ml mm mmho mS nm oz (F) oz (W)(D) pk pph ppm

Definition Acre Bushel(s) Cup(s) Cubic Centimeter(s) Centimeter(s) Square Centimeter(s) Cubic Centimeter(s) Carbon Nitrogen Ratio Decimeter(s) Dram DeciSiemens Electroconductivity (Salinity) Foot/Feet Square Foot/Feet Cubic Foot/Feet Gallon(s) Gram(s) Grain(s) Hectare(s) Inch(es) Square Inch(es) Cubic Inch(es) Kilogram(s) Kiloliter(s) Kilometer(s) Liter(s) Pound Pounds Meter(s) Square Meter(s) Cubic Meter(s) Milliequivalents Milligrams(s) Mile(s) Square Mile(s) Milliliter(s) Millimeter(s) Millimhos MilliSiemen(s) Nanometer(s) Ounce(s) (Fluid) Ounce(s) (Weight)(Dry) Peck Parts per Hundred Parts per Million

Abbreviation ppt pt qt S rd Sec. Tbsp T tsp Twns ?l ?gm ?mho yd yd2 yd3

Definition Parts per Thousand Pint(s) Quart(s) Siemen(s) Rod(s) Section(s) Tablespoon(s) Ton(s) Teaspoon(s) Township Microliter(s) Microgram(s) Micromho(s) Yard(s) Square Yard(s) Cubic Yard(s)

Equivalent Measures

Area Measures:

1 ac

=

1 ac

=

640 ac

=

1 cm2

=

10,000 cm2

=

1 ft2

=

1 ft2

=

1 ft2

=

9 ft2

=

43,560 ft2

=

1 ha

=

1 in2

=

1 in2

=

144 in2

=

1 m2

=

1 m2

=

1mi2

=

1 km2

=

1 mi2

=

1 mi2

=

160 rd2

=

36 Sec.

=

1 yd2

=

1 yd2

=

1 yd2

=

30? yd2

=

43,560 ft2

0.4 ha 1 mi2 0.16 in2 1 m2 0.111 yd2 144 in2 0.09 m2 1 yd2

1 ac

2.47 ac 6.5 cm2 0.0069 ft2 1 ft2 1.1 yd2 11.1 ft2

640 ac 0.36 mi2 2.8 km2

1 Sec.

1 ac

1 twns 9 ft2 0.8 m2 1296 in2 1 rd2

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Linear Measures:

1 cm

=

1 cm

=

39.37 cm

=

10 cm

=

100 cm

=

1 dm

=

10 dm

=

1 ft

=

1 ft

=

1 ft

=

3 ft

=

3.3 ft

=

16.5 ft

=

5,280 ft

=

1 in

=

4 in

=

12 in

=

36 in

=

1 km

=

1 km

=

1 m

=

1 m

=

1 m

=

1 m

=

1 m

=

1 mi

=

1 mi

=

1,000 m

=

10 mm

=

1,000 mm

=

1 yd

=

1 yd

=

1 yd

=

Volume Measures:

3 BU

=

1 C

=

1 C

=

1 C

=

1 C

=

1 C

=

1 C

=

2 C

=

4 C

=

16 C

=

1 cc

=

946 cc or ml =

1 ft3

=

1 ft3

=

1 ft3

=

27 ft3

=

1 ft3 water

=

1 gal

=

1 gal

=

0.4 in 0.033 ft 1 yd 1 dm 1 m 4 in 1 m 12 in 30.5 cm 0.305 m 1 yd 1 m 1 rd 1 mi 2.5 cm 1 dm 1 ft 1 yd 0.625 mi 1,000 m 39.37 in 100 cm 1,000 mm 3.3 ft 1.1 yd 5,280 ft 1.6 km 1 km 1 cm 1 m 36 in 3 ft 0.914 m

1 wheelbarrow 8 oz 0.5 pt 16 Tbsp 48 tsp 240 cc or ml 0.25 l 1 pt 1 qt 1 gal 1 ml 1 qt 1728 in3 7.48 gal 0.30 m3 1 yd3 62.4 lbs 4 qt 8 pt

Volume Measures continued:

1 gal

=

16 C

1 gal

=

128 oz (F)

1 gal

=

3.785 l

1 gal 1 gal 1 gal

=

3,785 ml

=

231 in3

=

0.1337 ft3

1 gal water

=

1 million gal/day =

8.2 lbs 1.57 ft3 per second

1 million gal/day =

694.4 gal per minute

28 gm

=

1 oz (W)

1 l

=

1.06 qt (F)

1 l

=

0.9 qt (D)

1 l

=

0.26 gal

1 l

=

4.17 C

1 l

=

2.1 pt

3.78 l

=

1 gal

1 lb

=

456 gm

1 m3

=

35 ft3

1 m3

=

1.3 yd3

1 ml

=

1 cc

1 ml

=

0.2 tsp

1 ml

=

0.007 Tbsp

30 ml or cc

=

1 oz (F)

1000 ml

=

1 l

1 ml

=

0.33 oz (F)

1 oz (F)

=

1/8 C

1 oz (F)

=

2 Tbsp

1 oz (F)

=

6 tsp

1 oz (F)

=

30 cc or ml

1 oz (W)

=

28 gm

8 oz (F)

=

1 C

16 oz (F)

=

2 C

16 oz (F)

=

1 pt

32 oz (F)

=

1 qt

32 oz (F)

=

2 pt

32 oz (F)

=

4 C

128 oz (F)

=

1 gal

128 oz (F)

=

4 qt

128 oz (F)

=

8 pt

128 oz (F)

=

16 C

1 ppm

=

0.001 gm per l

1 ppm

=

1 mg per l

1 ppm

=

1 mg per kg

1 ppm

=

1 mg per 0.9 qt

1 ppm

=

0.0001 %

1 ppm

=

1 ul per l

1 ppm

=

1 oz per 7,500 gal

1 ppm

=

1 lb per 120,000 gal

10 ppm

=

0.01 gm per l

100 ppm

=

0.1 gm per l

1,000 ppm

=

1 gm per l

10,000 ppm =

10 gm per l

10,000 ppm =

0.35 oz per gal

1 pt

=

16 oz

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Volume Measures continued:

1 pt

=

2 C

1 pt

=

32 Tbsp

1 pt

=

96 tsp

1 pt

=

473 cc or ml

1 pt

=

0.473 l

2 pt

=

1 qt

8 pt

=

1 gal

1 pt/100 gal =

1 tsp/gal

1 qt

=

64 Tbsp

1 qt

=

32 oz (F)

1 qt

=

4 C

1 qt

=

2 pt

1 qt

=

964 cc or ml

1 qt

=

0.964 l

4 qt

=

1 gal

1 qt/100 gal =

2 tsp/gal

1 Tbsp

=

3 tsp

1 Tbsp

=

0.5 oz

1 Tbsp

=

15 cc or ml

2 Tbsp

=

6 tsp

2 Tbsp

=

1 oz (F)

4 Tbsp

=

? C

5 1/3 Tbsp

=

1/3 C

16 Tbsp

=

8 oz (F)

16 Tbsp

=

1 C

1 tsp

=

1/3 Tbsp

1 tsp

=

1/6 oz

1 tsp

=

0.17 oz

1 tsp

=

5.5 cc or ml

3 tsp

=

1 Tbsp

6 tsp

=

2 Tbsp

6 tsp

=

1 oz

1 wheelbarrow =

1 yd3

=

1 yd3

=

1 yd3

=

1 yd3

=

3 Bu

22 Bu

202.5 gal 0.76 m3 27 ft3

1 %

=

10,000 ppm

1 %

=

10 gm per l

1 %

=

1.28 oz per gal

0.1 %

=

1,000 ppm = 1,000 mg/l

0.01 %

=

100 ppm = 100 mg per l

0.001 %

=

10 ppm = 10 mg per l

0.0001 %

=

1 ppm = 1 mg per l

Weight Measures:

16 dr

=

1 gal

=

1 gal

=

1 gal

=

1 gm

=

1 gm

=

28 gm

=

30 gm

=

1 oz 4 qt 8 pt 128 oz 0.0357 oz (W)(D) 1000 mg 1 oz (W)(D) 1 oz (F)

Weight Measures continued:

456 gm

=

1 lb

27 gn

=

1dr

20 hundredweight=

1 T

1 kg

=

2 1.5 lbs

1 lb

=

16 oz

1 lb

=

456 gm

1 lb

=

0.456 kg

100 lbs

=

1 hundredweight

2000 lbs

=

1 T

1 metric T

=

2,200 lbs

1 mg

=

0.001 g,

1 oz (W)

=

28 gm

16 oz

=

l lb

1 ppm

=

1 mg per l

1 ppm

=

1 mg per kg

1 ppm

=

1 mg per 0.9 qt

1 ppm

=

0.0001 %

1 %

=

10,000 ppm

1 %

=

10 gm per l

1 %

=

1.28 oz per gal

0.1 %

=

1,000 ppm = 1,000 mg/l

0.01%

=

100 ppm = 100 mg per l

0.001 %

=

10 ppm = 10 mg per l

0.0001 %

=

1 ppm = 1 mg per l

Unit of Measure Conversions

To Convert:

Into:

Bu

ft?

Bu

pk

Bu

yd?

cc or ml

ft3

cc or ml

in3

cc or ml

m3

cc or ml

yd3

cc or ml

gal

cc or ml

l

cc or ml

oz (F)

cc or ml

pt

cc or ml

qt

cm

in

cm

ft

cm

m

cm

mm

cm

yd

cm2

in2

ft

cm

ft

in

ft

m

ft

yd

ft

mi

ft

km

ft3

cc or ml

ft3

in3

Multiply By: 0.8 4.0 0.454 0.000035 0.061 0.00001 0.0000013 0.000264 0.001 0.033 0.00211 0.00106 0.394 0.033 0.01 10.0 0.011 0.155 30.48 12.0 0.305 0.333 0.000189 0.000305 0.000283

1728.0

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To Convert: ft3 ft3 ft3 ft3 ft3 ft3 ft3

gal

gal

gal

gal

gal

gal

gal

gal

gal of water

gm

gm

gm

in

in

in

in in2 in3 in3 in3 in3 in3 in3 in3 in3

kg

kg

kg

km

km

km

km

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

l

lbs

lbs

lbs

lbs of water

Into: m3 yd3

Multiply By: 0.0283 0.037

gal

7.481

l

28.32

pt

59.84

qt

29.92

Bu

1.25

cc or ml ft3 in3 m3 yd3

3,785.0 0.134

231.0 0.00379 0.00495

l

3.785

pt

8.0

qt

4.0

lbs of water

8.35

oz

0.0353

lbs

0.00220

kg

0.001

cm

2.540

ft

0.083

yd

0.278

m

0.0254

cm2

6.452

cc or ml ft3 m3 yd3

16.39 0.000579 0.000164 0.0000214

gal

0.004433

l

0.0164

pt

0.0346

qt

0.0173

gm

1,000.0

oz

45.27

lbs

2.205

ft

3,281.0

m

1,000.0

mi

0.6214

yd

1,094.0

C

4.226

cc or ml ft3 in3 m3

1,000.0 0.0353 61.02 0.01

ml

1000.0

yd3

0.00131

oz (F)

33.8

gal

0.264

pt

2.113

qt

1.057

oz

16.0

gm

453.6

kg

0.454

ft3

0.016

To Convert: lbs of water lbs of water m m m m m m m m2 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 m3 mg mi mi mi mi ml or cc ml or cc mm oz (W) oz (F) oz (F) oz (W) oz (W) oz (W) oz (F) oz (F) oz (F) oz pk pt pt pt pt qt qt qt qt (D) qt (F) qt T Tbsp (D) Tbsp (F) Tbsp tsp (D) tsp (F) tsp

49-4

Into: in3 gal ft in yd mi cm mm km yd2 cc or ml ft3 in3 yd3 gal l pt qt gm ft m km yd oz (F) l in lbs Tbsp tsp Tbsp tsp gm in3 l cc or ml kg Bu l qt gal cc or ml pt l gal in3 in3 cc or ml lbs oz oz tsp oz oz Tbsp

Multiply By: 27.68 0.1198 3.281 39.37 1.094 0.00062 100.0

1000.0 0.001 1.196

10,000.0 35.31 61.02 1.31 264.2

1,000.0 2,113.0 1,057.0 1,000.0 5,280.0 1,609.3

1.609 1,760.0

0.333 0.001 0.0394 0.0625 2.0 6.0 3.0 9.0 28.3 1.805 0.03 30.0 0.028 0.25 0.473 0.5 0.125 473.18 2.0 0.946 0.25 67.20 47.74 946.36 2000.00 0.33 0.55 3.0 0.111 0.166 0.333

1106

To Convert:

yd

yd

yd

yd

yd yd2 yd3 yd3 yd3 yd3 yd3 yd3 yd3 yd3 yd3

Into: in

ft

m

mi

cm m2

cc or ml

Bu ft3 in3 m3

gal

l

pt

qt

Multiply By: 36.0 3.0 0.914 0.00057 91.44 0.836

764,600.0 22.0 7.0 46.66 0.765 202.0 764.6

1,616.0 807.9

Table 1 provides basic English conversions for linear and area measurements. Table 2 provides Metric conversions for plants sized by Height or Spread, and plants sized by Caliper. Table 3 provides Dilution measurement conversion data. Table 4 provides Equivalent Measures and conversions for Parts per Million (ppm), Milligrams per Liter (mg/l), Parts per Thousand (ppt), Grams per Liter (gm/l) and Percent (%). These can be used for the calculation of rates for application for pesticides, growth regulators and fertilizers.

Table 1. Basic English conversions for Linear, Area and Volume measurements.

Linear: 1 Foot = 12 Inches. 1 Yard = 36 Inches. 1 Mile = 5,280 Feet. 1 Mile = 1760 Yards.

Area: 1 ft2 =144 Inches. 1 yd2 = 9 ft2. 1 Mile2 = 648 Acres. 1 Acre2 = 43,560 ft2. 1 Acre2 = 4,840 yd2.

Volume: 1 Pint = 16 Ounces. 1 Quart = 2 Pints. 1 Gallon = 4 Quarts. 1 Gallon = 128 Ounces.

Table 2. Metric conversions for plants sized by Height or Spread, and plants sized by Caliper.

Plants Sized by Height Or Spread Approx. Metric

English* Equivalent**

Plants Sized By Spread Approx. Metric English* Equivalent**

6 Inches 15 cm 8 Inches 20 cm 10 Inches 25 cm 12 Inches 30 cm 15 Inches 40 cm 18 Inches 50 cm 24 Inches 60 cm 30 Inches 80 cm 36 Inches 90 cm 42 Inches 100 cm 48 Inches 1.25 m 60 Inches 1.50 m 72 Inches 1.75 m 84 Inches 2.00 m 96 Inches 2.50 m 120 Inches 3.00 m 180 Inches 4.50 m

3/8 Inch 1/2 Inch 3/4 Inch

1 Inch 1? Inches 1? Inches 1? Inches

2 Inches 2? Inches 2? Inches

3 Inches 3? Inches

4 Inches 4? Inches

5 Inches 5? Inches

6 Inches

10 mm 15 mm 20 mm 25 mm 30 mm 40 mm 45 mm 50 mm 60 mm 70 mm 80 mm 90 mm 100 mm 115 mm 130 mm 140 mm 150 mm

English* Metric**

1 Inch = 2.54 cm 1 Foot = 30.40 cm 1 yard = 0.90 m 1 Mile = 1609 m 1 Mile = 1.6 km

Metric** English*

1 mm = 0.06 Inch 1 cm = 0.40 Inch 1 m = 39.4 Inches 1 m = 3.28 Feet 1 m = 1.09 Yards

Table 3. Dilution measurement conversion data.

Dilution Parts Per Ounces Per

Percent or Rate Million

Gallon

1.0

1:100

10,000

0.1

1:1,000

1,000

0.01 1:10,000

100

0.33 0.03 0.003

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Table 4. Equivalent Measures for the calculation of rates of application for pesticides, growth regulators and fertilizers.

Parts per Million (ppm)

1,000,000

Milligrams per Liter (mg/l)

1,000,000

Parts per Thousand

(ppt)

1,000

Grams per Liter (gm/l)

1,000

Percent (%)

100

100,000

100,000

100

100

10

10,000

10,000

10

10

1

1,000

1,000

1

1

0.1

100

100

0.1

0.1

0.01

10

10

0.01

0.01

0.001

1

1

0.001

0.001

0.0001

0.1

0.1

0.0001

0.0001

0.00001

Surface Coverage Calculations and Conversions The following data and information, and Tables 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 provide required volumes and/or surface coverage of amendments, mulch, rock or other materials used on a soil surface at various depths. The data is based on averages and serves only as a guide. Variation will occur depending upon the compactness or looseness of the material being used.

A greenhouse bench or a ground bed of 100 ft2 with 6 inches of growing media contains 50 ft3 or 40 Bushels or 1.85 yd3 of media.

One cubic yard (yd3) of material will cover: 1. 40 ft2: 8.00 inches deep. 2. 54 ft2: 6.00 inches deep. 3. 81 ft2: 4.00 inches deep. 4. 108 ft2: 3.00 inches deep.

5. 162 ft2: 2.00 inches deep. 6. 324 ft2: 1.00 inch deep. 7. 648 ft2: 0.50 inch deep. 8. 1296 ft2: 0.25 inch deep.

Cubic yards (yd3) of material required to cover 1000 ft2 at various depth is as follows:

1. At 0.25 inch deep: 0.75 yd3. 2. At 0.50 inch deep: 1.50 yd3. 3. At 1.00 inch deep: 3.25 yd3. 4. At 1.50 inches deep: 4.50 yd3. 5. At 2.00 inches deep: 6.50 yd3.

6. At 2.50 inches deep: 8.00 yd?.

7. At 3.00 inches deep: 9.75 yd?.

8. At 4.00 inches deep: 13.00 yd?.

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Calculation of number of cubic yards of material required to cover a specific area in square feet (x) at

various depths is as follows: 1. 1 inch deep: x ft2 / 324 = yd3. 2. 2 inches deep: x ft2 / 162 = yd3. 3. 3 inches deep: x ft2 / 108 = yd3. 4. 4 inches deep: x ft2 / 81 = yd3. 5. 5 inches deep: x ft2 / 67 = yd3. 6. 6 inches deep: x ft2 / 54 = yd3. 7. 8 inches deep: x ft2 / 40 = yd3. 8. 12 inches deep: x ft2 / 27 = yd3.

Table 5. Surface coverage obtained in square feet per cubic yard at various depths.

Depth in Inches

Coverage in Square Feet

1/8

2592

1/4

1296

3/8

864

1/2

648

5/8

518

3/4

432

1.0

324

2.0

162

3.0

108

4.0

81

5.0

67

6.0

54

8.0

40

10.0

33

12.0

27

Example: Area to be covered is 2160 ft2 to a depth of 4 inches. From the Chart: 1 yd3 will cover 81 ft2 to a depth of 4 inches. Therefore: 2160 ft2 / 81ft2 = 26.67 yd3 is required to cover 81 ft2 to a depth of 4 inches.

Table 6. Approximate weights of soil and soil amendments. Variation is due to moisture.

Product Loam Clay Sand Gravel Crushed Rock Compressed Peat Loose Peat Vermiculite Perlite

lbs./ft3 75-100 90-120 105-120 120-135 120-150 15-18 3-5 3-6 5-15

lbs./yd3 2,025-2,700 2,430-3,240 2,835-3,240 3,240-3,645 3,290-4,050

405-486 81-135 81-162 135-405

Table 7. Material coverages in cubic feet and cubic yards at various depths.

Depth In Inches

For 1,000 ft2

ft3

yd3

For 1 Acre yd3

1/8

10.53

0.39

17

1/4

21.0

0.78

34

3/8

30.5

1.17

51

1/2

42.0

1.56

68

5/8

52.5

1.95

85

3/4

63.0

2.34

102

1.0

84.0

3.12

136

2.0

168

6.24

272

Example: Area to be covered is 2000 ft2 to a depth of

2 inches. From the Chart: ? inch of coverage material will require 1.56 yd3 per 1,000 ft2.

Therefore: 1.56 yd3 x 2 inches = 3.12 yd3 is required to

cover 2000 ft2 to a depth of 2 inches.

Table 8. Square feet covered by various volumes of mulch at various coverage depths.

yd3 Bags

Square Feet Covered 1 Inch 2 Inches 4 Inches

1/2 4.5

1

9

2 18

3 27

4 36

5 45

6 54

7 63

8 72

9 81

10 90

15 135

20 180

160 320 640 960 1,280 1,600 1,920 2,240 2,560 2,880 3,200 4,800 6,400

80 160 320 480 640 800 960 1,120 1,280 1,440 1,600 2,400 3,200

40 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 1,200 1,600

Bag Volume = 3 ft3. 1 yd3 = 27 ft3. 9 Bags = 1 yd3.

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Table 9. Volume of material in cubic yards required to cover an area of x ft2 and y inches deep. Example: An area of 50 ft2 by 2 inches deep requires 0.25 yd3. No allowances are made for settlement.

Area (x) (ft2) 2 in Deep

Cubic Yards Required at the Following Depths (y).

3 in Deep

4 in Deep 6 in Deep 8 in Deep

12 in Deep

50

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

1.25

2.00

100

0.50

1.00

1.25

2.00

2.50

4.00

150

1.00

1.50

2.00

3.00

4.00

6.00

200

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.50

5.00

7.50

250

1.75

2.50

3.00

4.50

6.00

9.00

300

2.00

3.00

3.50

5.50

7.50

11.00

350

2.25

3.50

4.50

6.50

9.00

13.00

400

2.50

4.00

5.00

7.50

10.00

15.00

450

3.00

4.50

5.50

8.50

11.00

17.00

500

3.25

4.50

6.00

9.00

12.00

18.50

550

3.50

5.00

7.00

10.00

13.50

20.00

600

3.75

5.50

7.50

11.00

15.00

22.00

650

4.00

6.00

8.00

12.00

16.00

24.00

700

4.25

6.50

8.50

13.00

17.00

26.00

750

4.50

7.00

9.50

14.00

18.50

28.00

800

5.00

7.50

10.00

15.00

20.00

30.00

850

5.25

8.00

10.50

16.00

21.00

31.50

900

5.50

8.50

11.00

17.00

22.00

33.00

950

6.00

9.00

12.00

17.50

23.00

35.00

1,000

6.50

9.50

13.00

18.50

35.00

37.00

Plant Nutrient Conversion

To Convert

Into

The Element:

The Oxide:

P

P2O5

K

K2O

Ca

CaO

Mg

MgO

Multiply By: 2.29 1.20 1.39 1.66

To Convert The Oxide:

P2O5 K2O CaO MgO

Into The Element:

P K Ca Mg

Multiply By: 0.437 0.830 0.715 0.602

Temperature Conversions Temperatures in Fahrenheit and Celsius (Centigrade) can be converted or interpreted from one to the other with the calculations and diagrams shown below.

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