Nez Perce Canyon National Scenic Kansas City/Independence area ...

[Pages:1]PACIFIC

OCEAN

Fort Clatsop National

Memorial

Astoria

Nehalem

Coos Bay

COAST

RANGES

River

Nez Perce

National

WASHINGTON

82

5

THE DALLES: before the opening

KENNEWICK

Whitman Mission

Lake

NHS

12

Wallula

Walla Walla

WASHINGTON OREGON

River

almon

of the Barlow Road in 1846, emi-

WHITMAN MISSION: Marcus

N

O

Y

CAN

River

Longview Columbia

OREGON CITY: the Oregon Trail ended here. Fort Vancouver, a Hudson's Bay Company trading post, is across the Columbia in Washington.

River

Fort Vancouver NHS

PORTLAND

Cascades of the Columbia

VANCOUVER

84

The Dalles

Columbia Gorge

Wildwood

Discovery Center

Recreation Mt Hood

Sandy

Area

11235ft 3424m

Government

Grande Ronde

grants had no choice but to build rafts and float down the treach

River

730

Tamustalik

11

and Narcissa Whitman, who helped blaze the route of the

Umatil

erous Columbia.

Cultural

Oregon Trail, established a

Columbia 84

Boardman Segment

Arlington Fourmile

Biggs Junction Ruts

Canyon

207

Well

Spring

Deschutes River

John Day River 74 Crossing

la

Institute

Echo Pendleton

Emigrant Hill Segment

82

Echo River UMATILLA

Deadman Pass

Meadows INDIAN RESERVATION Emigrant Springs

Meacham Blue Mountain Crossing

Interpretive Park

Blue Mountains Segment

La Grande

mission to Christianize the Indians here in 1836.

Wallowa Lake

Crossing

Dufur

206 19

Hilgard Junction

Ladd Canyon Segment

S

L

L

E

River

John

97

BLUE MOUNTAINS: Though

Powd

H

Snake

Day River

Oregon City

End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center

West Barlow

Camp

Tygh Valley

Tollgate

Barlow Pass

Philip Foster

Laurel Hill

Farm

Barlow Road

Barlow Gate

Segment

197

the trail passed over moun

tainous terrain, wood, water,

19

and shade were abundant--

a welcome change from the

desert along the Snake River.

National Historic

Oregon Trail Interpretive Center

River

86

Flagstaff Hill

Baker City

OREGON IDAHO

Deschutes

River

26

84

SALEM

WARM SPRINGS

INDIAN

218

19

395

John Day Fossil Beds NM

River

RESERVATION

207

Burnt

River S

er

Historical Park Nez Perce National Historical Park

95

Payette Lake

95

Salmon

SALMON RIVER MOUNTAINS

Riv

River

MOUNTAINS

T E Continental R R O O ITT B

Big Hole National Battlefield

er

93

75

Salmon

93

Willamette

Madras

26

Farewell Bend

26

B L U E

CORVALLIS

5

20

126

EUGENE

BARLOW PASS: tired and weary emigrants who chose not to go down the Columbia faced a steep climb to the pass before descending into the Willamette Valley.

26 97

Bend

Crooked

River

OREGON

20

395

Malheur Lake

Malheur RANGE

FLAGSTAFF HILL: travelers caught their first glimpses of the Blue Mountains from this point--an indication their trip was nearing the end.

20 River

Alkalai Springs Segment

Vale

Nyssa

Keeney Pass

Fort Boise

201

Snak

21

75

THREE ISLAND CROSSING: if

the water was low this was

the best place to cross to the

Canyon Hill Ruts Ward Massacre Site BOISE

north bank of the Snake River to a route that offered better travel conditions and ample drinking water.

84

Nampa

Bonneville Point Indian Creek Station

Ditto Station

20

Lake Givens Hot Springs

Owyhee

River

Inscription Rock Canyon Creek Station

Rattlesnake Station

Teapot Dome

Teapot Dome Hot Springs

Sinker Creek Segment 78

Utter Massacre Site

Castle Butte

North Trail Segment

Three Island Crossing Glenns Ferry

84

IDAHO

75

26

93

Divid

R A

N

CASCADE

e IDAHO OREGON

North

Umpqua

Roseburg

River

South

Umpqua

River Crater Lake

Crater Lake National Park

North

97

C.J. Strike Ruts

Bruneau Dunes

Hagerman Fossil Beds NM

Hagerman Fossil Beds Segment

Upper Salmon Falls

Thousand Springs Shoshone Falls

Burley

Milner Ruts

Kanaka Rapids

30

Twin Falls

Rock Creek

Caldron Linn

Crossing Stricker Store/

Rock Creek Station

95

City of Rocks

National Reserve

93

IDAHO NEVADA UTAH

Snak

G

e

191 15

M O N TA N A

Hebgen Lake

River Yellowstone

89

Ye l l o w s t o n e National Park

20

MWOYNOTMANINAG

14 20 16

Cody

Bighorn

Bighorn Canyon NRA

BI

14

90

Buffalo

GHORN

Gillette

90

85 16

BLACK HILLS

Mount Rushmore N Mem

Jewel Cave NM 16

River

Wind Cave

National Park

Hot Springs

Cheyenne

Badlands National Park

SOUTH DAKOTA

Valentine

20

SOUTH DAKOTWAYONMEIBNRGASKA

MOUNTAINS

Yellowstone Lake

385 18

MONTANA IDAHO

Worland

20

25

River

18 85

REGISTER CLIFF: of the thousands of names carved by emigrants

Chadron

River

River

John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway

SOUTH PASS: here the emigrants

into the soft sandstone, several

hundred are still legible. Some trail ruts, as deep as five feet, are

20

E

Powder River

River

crossed the Continental Divide and passed into the Oregon Country. The Pass is so broad and

three miles west.

Lusk

Harrison

Niobrara

Rexburg

Jackson Lake

Grand Teton National Park

20

20

26 Big Southern

Butte

WYOMING IDAHO

26 89

Jackson

26

191

IDAHO FALLS

Snake

189

15

Palisades Reservoir

River

Blackfoot

WYOMING RANGE

FORT HALL

Craters of the Moon

Fort Hall

National

Monument

American Falls

86

Reservoir

INDIAN RESERVATION

POCATELLO

American Falls

30

Blackfoot Reservoir

89

Afton

Soda

Springs Soda Springs

Complex

Sheep

89

Rock

de C

ontinental

26 287 Divi

so level that many did not realize they had passed into the Pacific watershed.

Wind

River

26

WYOMING

National Historic

Trails Interpretive Center

20 26

Emigrant Gap

Mormon Ferry (1849)

North Hembree Grave Douglas

CASPER

Ayres Natural

25

Bridge

Fort Casper

20

85

Glendo Reservoir

Fort Laramie to Warm Springs Segment

SAND HILLS

Agate Fossil Beds NM

29

Alliance

SCOTTS BLUFF was one of the major landmarks on the trail, and, with Chimney Rock 35 miles east, it signaled that almost one-third of the trail

Platte

191

Marbleton

Gannett Peak

13804ft

4207m

W

IND

287

RIVER

Pinedale

Wind

River Peak 13192ft

R

A

N

G

E

4021m

Pacific Springs Dry Sandy Crossing

Riverton

789

Lander

28 Rocky Ridge

Burnt Ranch South Pass

GRANITE MOUNTAINS

Three Crossings

Sweetwater

Ice Slough

Split Rock

South Pass Segment

Continental

Divide

Avenue of Rocks

Willow Springs

220

Prospect Hill

Prospect Hill Segment

River

Saleratus Lake Independence Rock

Devil's Gate

Pathfinder Reservoir

Muddy Gap

LARAM

287

INDEPENDENCE ROCK: fur trap pers named this formation on July 4, 1824. Many emigrants later carved or painted their names on the rock.

30 287

Register Cliff

had been traversed.

Guernsey Mexican Hill

385

ASH HOLLOW was the entry to

Warm Springs

Torrington

the North Platte River Valley. Ample supplies of wood, water,

Laramie Peak

Laramie

26 Guernsey

Henry

Ruts Fort Laramie

NHS

Horse Creek

River

Wheatland

Treaty Grounds

Scottsbluff Gering

Bayard

Robidoux Pass Scotts Bluff NM

85 (Mitchell Pass)

Chimney Rock NHS

FORT LARAMIE: this early Indian

trading post quickly developed

71

into the major resupply point

for emigrants and a major military

post. Old Bedlam, on the fort grounds, is the oldest structure

Kimball

Amanda Lamin Grave

26

Courthouse/ Jail Rock

385

Sidney

80

and grass made this a soughtafter camping area.

Oshkosh North

Lake McConaughy

Platte

Ash Hollow Windlass Hill

Brule

30

Ogallala

California Hill Upper Crossing of the South Platte River

Julesburg

Parting

189

Little Sandy Crossing of the Ways

GREAT DIVIDE

in Wyoming.

76

River

Lake Walcott

Massacre Rocks Register Rock

Big Sandy Crossing Farson

BASIN

Rawlins

85

e

Coldwater Hill

California Trail Junction/ Raft River Crossing

Montpelier

The National Oregon/ California Trail Center

Thomas Fork Crossing

Fontenelle Reservoir

30 Big

Hill

West End of the

372

Cokeville Sublette Cutoff

Fossil Butte

Bear

NM

Lake

Kemmerer 30

28

Big Sandy to Green River Segment

Lombard Ferry

Crossing

191

Green

372

River

Rock Springs

Continental

80 Divide

North

Continental

M

EDIC Platte

I

N

E

BOW

Laramie

CHEYENNE

80

25 287

Sterling

COLORADO

6

15

89

30

84

U TA H

Logan

West End of the Sublette Cutoff Segment

189

Church Butte Name Rock

FORT BRIDGER was a major supply point on the trail. Here the Mormon Trail veered off to the southwest and into Utah.

WCOYLOOMRIANDGO

FORT COLLINS

85

South GREELEY

Platte

T A E R G

83

SOUNTEHBDRAASKKOATA

River

Niobrara National Scenic Riverway

Niobrara

20

Middle

River

North Platte

O'Fallon's Bluff

Fort McPherson

83 25

Dan Smith's West Ranch

23

McCook

83

Missouri National Scenic Riverway

81

30

Norfolk

275

Elkhorn

River

NEBRASKA

30

Columbus

29

M

issouri

275

Fremont

Blair Riv

OMAHA

er

Kansas City/Independence area

30

IOWA

80 680

80

COUNCIL BLUFFS

34 75

29

35

River

435 29 435

Upper Independence Landing

MissouriCourtIhnoduepseenSdqeunacree INDEPENDENCE

70

National Frontier

73

Santa Fe Trail Park Ruts Trails Center

KANSAS CITY

435

470

MIKSASONUSARSI

Eighty-fifth Street Ruts

70 435

Heart Grove Campground Minor Park/Red Bridge Crossing

New Santa Fe

10

35

69

0 71

0

10 Km. 10 Mi.

River

Loup

River

29

LINCOLN

MIOISWSOAURI

MISSOURI

York

Big 77

INDEPENDENCE was the pre

ferred jumping off point for

75

the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails

in the 1840s and early 1850s.

35

36

Platte

Blue

FORT KEARNY: the U.S. Army

80

established the fort in 1848 to

Grand Island

provide protection for emigrants.

All trails from jumping off points

along the Missouri River met

here, at the "Gateway to the Great Plains."

30 Susan Hail Grave

and Ruts

Hastings

Kearney

Lexington

80

Lowell

Fort Kearny

Thirty-two Mile Station

Ayr Ruts

Little

Plum Creek

81

6

73

River

Homestead NM of America Beatrice

NEKBARANSSKAAS

Fairbury

The Narrows

Blue

Rock Creek Station

River

Junction of St. Joe and Independence Roads

Hollenberg Station

Marysville

Platte

36 Hiawatha

ST. JOSEPH

29 River

Atchison

Missouri

73

Leavenworth

See map above

River Upper Independence Landing

INDEPENDENCE

Holdrege

283

6

34

Republican

Harlan County

Lake

River

NEKBARANSSKAAS

Alcove Spring

Black Vermillion Crossing 75

36

99

KANSAS CITY

77

Coon Creek/Marshall Grave

16 Vieux Cemetery/ Red Vermillion Crossing

Kansas River Crossing/ Pappin's Ferry

70

Scott Spring

63 St. Marys

Pellant

Tuttle Creek Lake

24

Manhattan River

Mission

Ruts

LAWRENCE

Lone Elm

St. Marys-

TOPEKA

Upper Blue

Campground

Wakarusa Mound Parting of the

Crossing

Oregon and

71

Red Vermillion

Santa Fe Trails

81

70

Crossing Segment

Solomon

River

Junction City

Ottawa

des

Cygnes

69 River

335

KANSAS

Kansas

35 Marais

169

Neosho

Saline

River

SALINA

Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve

River

Emporia

Fort Scott NHS

135

35

75

S N I A L P

NEBRASKCAOLOKRAANDSOAS

OUNTAINS M

River

Divide

MOUNTAIN S IE

WYOMING UTAH

Upper

Oregon Trail route

Trail interpretive

5

Klamath

center

Lake

0

50 Kilometers

Segments of the trail

offering the best visitor

0

50 Miles

experiences

N E VA D A

GREAT

SALT LAKE

Golden Spike NHS

Brigham City

Fort Bridger

80

Flaming Gorge

Reservoir

WYOMING UTAH

Rocky Mountain

76

National Park

70

Hays

Hill Smoky

River

MIKSASONUSARSI

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