Review Documents #8: Chapter 16



Review Document #8: Chapter 16 and 17

Psychological Disorders / Therapies / Stress Management

➢ _________ : manual for diagnosing mental illness / listing of symptoms

➢ Four diagnostic criteria (UMAD):

➢ Time period for clinical diagnosis: __________ (that symptoms must be consistently present)

➢ Neurotic:

➢ Psychotic:

Classifications of Disorders

Anxiety

➢ ________________ constant low level anxiety (patient doesn’t know cause, 2/3 are women)

➢ ________________ Acute episodes of intense anxiety without provocation (“feels like a heart attack”)

➢ ________________ anxiety focused on specific issue, event or situation

➢ ________________ type of phobia- fear of public places (particularly with sense of no exit)

➢ ________________ persistent uncontrollable thoughts = persistent uncontrollable actions (anxiety drives compulsive behavior)

➢ ________________nightmares, flashbacks, social withdraw, insomnia…

➢ Behavioral (learning) perspective, biological perspective, cognitive perspective

Mood Disorders

➢ Major / Unipolar / clinical depression: “common cold” of disorders Neutrotransmitter = ____________

➢ _______________ : alternating states of mania and depression. Neurotransmitter = ________________

➢ ____________________ : depression related to a lack of light, or time of year

➢ Biological perspective, socio-cognitive perspective (cognitive triad, learned helplessness, explanatory styles)

Somatoform Disorders

➢ ____________________ physical problem, psychological cause

➢ ____________________ exaggerated or psychologically created illnesses

➢ Psychoanalyst perspective vs. behavioral perspective

Dissociative Disorders (disruption of conscious processes- often from traumatic event)

➢ _____________________ : amnesia with no physiological explanation

➢ _____________________ : loss of identity and flee (“forget and flee”)

➢ ______________________ : multiple personalities (average 3-6)

➢ Psychoanalytic perspective

Schizophrenia (most severe of disorders: onset usually late teens early twenties)

➢ Symptoms: disordered, distorted thinking / delusions / hallucinations

➢ __________________: distorted language, word salad

➢ __________________: delusions of persecution, “out to get me”

➢ __________________: odd movements, waxy flexibility, motionless, parrot like repeating of words, movements

➢ __________________ : disordered thinking, but not specific symptoms of others types of schizophrenia

➢ __________________ : neurotransmitter

Biological perspective:

Personality Disorders (enduring, maladaptive behavior- “nurture based”)

➢ __________________: no fear, no shame / impulsive, no regard for others’ feelings

➢ __________________: self-love, see oneself as center of universe

➢ __________________: outrageous behavior to be center of attention (overly dramatic)

➢ __________________: intense emotional instability, self-mutilation

➢ Eating disorders / substance abuse disorders (addictions)

Types of Therapies

Psychoanalysis (Freud)

Major idea: conflict in the unconscious

Resistance

Transference

Free association, dream analysis, hypnosis, manifest / latent content

Only “true solution” vs. symptom substitution

Psychodynamic theorists:

Humanistic (Maslow, Rogers)

Critical themes: man’s nature is good, free will, self-fulfillment

___________________ = self-actualization

___________________ = unconditional positive regard, non-directive, active listening

Gestalt (Fritz Perls)

Combination of Psychoanalytic and Humanistic

The whole is greater than the sum of its ___________________ .

Healing a fragmented patient

Behavioral (Skinner)

_______________________________: classical conditioning (change negative CR with positive CS) Example?

_______________________________ : step one = relaxation techniques / step two = anxiety hierarchy (imagine only)

________________________________: pairing undesired behavior with unpleasant stimulus. Example?

Operant conditioning: ____________ economy

Cognitive (Beck)

Internal vs. external locus:

Learned helplessness:

Rational Emotive Therapy:

Eclectic therapy:

Biomedical Therapies

Antidepressants: Prozac, Zoloft

Anti-psychotics: Thorazine, Cloazpine

Anti-anxiety: Librium, Valium

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT = electric shock)

Psychosurgery: prefrontal lobotomy

Therapists:

Clinical psychologist

Psychiatrist

Counseling psychologist

Stress Management

GAS / General Adaptation Syndrome (Hans-Seyle) : How animals and humans react to stress

➢ ________________ : Activation of sympathetic nervous system (“get ready for the challenge”)

➢ ________________: Body remains physiologically ready (sustained arousal)

➢ ________________: extended arousal = vulnerability to disease (fatigue lowers immune system)

Type A vs. Type B Behavior (Type A + aggressive temperament = coronary heart disease)

Glucocorticoids: Endocrine response to stress: secretion of adrenaline and cortisol

Stress related illnesses: hypertension, headaches, coronary heart disease

Stress over prolonged periods can wear down the immune system = vulnerability to illness, disease

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