What is Psychology
Exam One Study Guide
Chapter One:
What is Psychology?
Key terms:
• Psychology
• Psychobabble
• Pseudoscience
• Willhelm Wundt
• William James
• Sigmund Freud
• Behaviorists
• Critical thinking
• Hypothesis
• Theory
• Operational definition
• Correlation (positive, negative, and coefficient)
• Variable
• Independent and dependent variables
• Reliability and validity
• Meta-analysis
Key ideas:
• The five major perspectives in psychology and what each is concerned with
• Differences between applied and basic psychology
• Different fields of applied psychology
• Different methods for conducting research in psychology and the pros & cons of each
• The relationship between independent and dependent variables
Chapter Two:
Theories of Personality?
Key terms:
• Personality
• Traits
• Central vs. secondary traits
• Factor analysis
• “Big Five” traits
• John B. Watson
• B.F. Skinner
• Social-cognitive learning theory
• Locus of control
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Culture
• Sigmund Freud
• Collective unconscious
• Humanist psychology
Key ideas:
• The differences between the schools of thought (e.g. trait, behaviorism, etc.) about personality and the criticisms of each school
• Contributions of G. Allport and R. Cattell to trait theory
• The “Big Five” personality traits and what each one means
• The different parts of the personality according to Freud
Chapter Four:
Neurons, Hormones, and the Brain
Key terms:
• CNS, PNS
• Spinal cord
• Spinal reflex (and examples)
• Neurons
• Glial cell
• Dendrite
• Cell body
• Axon
• Plasticity
• Neurontransmitters
• Endorphins
• Hormones
• Adrenal hormones
• Brain stem
• Medulla
• Pons
• Cerebellum
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Hippocampus
• Reticular activating system
• Corpus callosum
Key ideas:
• The divisions of the nervous system and the role of each division in the body
• What happens when each division of the nervous system is activated
• The parts of a neuron and function of each
• Types of neurotransmitters and their functions
• Major structures of the brain and their functions
• The lobes of the brain and their primary functions
• Primary functions of the right vs. left hemispheres
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