5.1 Angles of Triangles - Big Ideas Learning

5.1

TEXAS ESSENTIAL

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

Angles of Triangles

Essential Question

Writing a Conjecture

G.2.B

G.6.D

MAKING

MATHEMATICAL

ARGUMENTS

To be proficient in math,

you need to reason

inductively about data

and write conjectures.

How are the angle measures of a

triangle related?

Work with a partner.

a. Use dynamic geometry software to draw any triangle and label it ¡÷ABC.

b. Find the measures of the interior angles of the triangle.

c. Find the sum of the interior angle measures.

d. Repeat parts (a)¨C(c) with several other triangles. Then write a conjecture about the

sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle.

Sample

A

C

Angles

m¡ÏA = 43.67¡ã

m¡ÏB = 81.87¡ã

m¡ÏC = 54.46¡ã

B

Writing a Conjecture

Work with a partner.

a. Use dynamic geometry software

to draw any triangle and label

it ¡÷ABC.

A

b. Draw an exterior angle at any

vertex and find its measure.

c. Find the measures of the two

nonadjacent interior angles

of the triangle.

d. Find the sum of the measures of

the two nonadjacent interior angles.

B

Compare this sum to the measure

of the exterior angle.

e. Repeat parts (a)¨C(d) with several other triangles. Then

write a conjecture that compares the measure of an exterior

angle with the sum of the measures of the two nonadjacent

interior angles.

D

C

Sample

Angles

m¡ÏA = 43.67¡ã

m¡ÏB = 81.87¡ã

m¡ÏACD = 125.54¡ã

Communicate Your Answer

3. How are the angle measures of a triangle related?

4. An exterior angle of a triangle measures 32¡ã. What do you know about the

measures of the interior angles? Explain your reasoning.

Section 5.1

Angles of Triangles

235

Lesson

5.1

What You Will Learn

Classify triangles by sides and angles.

Find interior and exterior angle measures of triangles.

Core Vocabul

Vocabulary

larry

interior angles, p. 237

exterior angles, p. 237

corollary to a theorem, p. 239

Previous

triangle

Classifying Triangles by Sides and by Angles

Recall that a triangle is a polygon with three sides. You can classify triangles by sides

and by angles, as shown below.

Core Concept

Classifying Triangles by Sides

Scalene Triangle

Isosceles Triangle

Equilateral Triangle

no congruent sides

at least 2 congruent sides

3 congruent sides

READING

Notice that an equilateral

triangle is also isosceles.

An equiangular triangle

is also acute.

Classifying Triangles by Angles

Acute

Triangle

Right

Triangle

Obtuse

Triangle

Equiangular

Triangle

3 acute angles

1 right angle

1 obtuse angle

3 congruent angles

Classifying Triangles by Sides and by Angles

Classify the triangular shape of

the support beams in the diagram

by its sides and by measuring

its angles.

SOLUTION

The triangle has a pair of congruent sides, so it is isosceles. By measuring, the angles

are 55¡ã, 55¡ã, and 70¡ã.

So, it is an acute isosceles triangle.

Monitoring Progress

Help in English and Spanish at

1. Draw an obtuse isosceles triangle and an acute scalene triangle.

236

Chapter 5

Congruent Triangles

Classifying a Triangle in the Coordinate Plane

Classify ¡÷OPQ by its sides. Then

determine whether it is a right triangle.

y

4

Q(6, 3)

P(?1, 2)

O(0, 0)

?2

4

6

8 x

SOLUTION

Step 1 Use the Distance Formula to find the side lengths.

¡ª¡ª

¡ª¡ª

¡ª¡ª

¡ª¡ª

¡ª¡ª

¡ª¡ª

¡ª

OP = ¡Ì(x2 ? x1)2 + (y2 ? y1)2 = ¡Ì(?1 ? 0)2 + (2 ? 0)2 = ¡Ì5 ¡Ö 2.2

¡ª

OQ = ¡Ì (x2 ? x1)2 + (y2 ? y1)2 = ¡Ì(6 ? 0)2 + (3 ? 0)2 = ¡Ì 45 ¡Ö 6.7

¡ª

PQ = ¡Ì(x2 ? x1)2 + (y2 ? y1)2 = ¡Ì [6 ? (?1)]2 + (3 ? 2)2 = ¡Ì50 ¡Ö 7.1

Because no sides are congruent, ¡÷OPQ is a scalene triangle.

2?0

¡ª is ¡ª

¡ª

Step 2 Check for right angles. The slope of OP

= ?2. The slope of OQ

?1 ? 0

3?0 1

1

¡ª ¡Í OQ

¡ª and

is ¡ª = ¡ª. The product of the slopes is ?2 ¡ª = ?1. So, OP

6?0 2

2

¡ÏPOQ is a right angle.

()

So, ¡÷OPQ is a right scalene triangle.

Monitoring Progress

Help in English and Spanish at

2. ¡÷ABC has vertices A(0, 0), B(3, 3), and C(?3, 3). Classify the triangle by its

sides. Then determine whether it is a right triangle.

Finding Angle Measures of Triangles

When the sides of a polygon are extended, other angles are formed. The original

angles are the interior angles. The angles that form linear pairs with the interior

angles are the exterior angles.

B

B

A

A

C

C

exterior angles

interior angles

Theorem

Theorem 5.1 Triangle Sum Theorem

B

The sum of the measures of the interior

angles of a triangle is 180¡ã.

A

Proof p. 238; Ex. 53, p. 242

C

m¡ÏA + m¡ÏB + m¡ÏC = 180¡ã

Section 5.1

Angles of Triangles

237

To prove certain theorems, you may need to add a line, a segment, or a ray to a given

diagram. An auxiliary line is used in the proof of the Triangle Sum Theorem.

Triangle Sum Theorem

B

Given ¡÷ABC

D

4 2 5

Prove m¡Ï1 + m¡Ï2 + m¡Ï3 = 180¡ã

Plan a. Draw an auxiliary line through B that

¡ª.

for

is parallel to AC

Proof

A

1

3

C

b. Show that m¡Ï4 + m¡Ï2 + m¡Ï5 = 180¡ã, ¡Ï1 ? ¡Ï4, and ¡Ï3 ? ¡Ï5.

c. By substitution, m¡Ï1 + m¡Ï2 + m¡Ï3 = 180¡ã.

Plan STATEMENTS

in

¡ª.

? ? parallel to AC

Action a. 1. Draw BD

REASONS

1. Parallel Postulate (Post. 3.1)

b. 2. m¡Ï4 + m¡Ï2 + m¡Ï5 = 180¡ã

2. Angle Addition Postulate (Post. 1.4)

and definition of straight angle

3. ¡Ï1 ? ¡Ï4, ¡Ï3 ? ¡Ï5

3. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem

(Thm. 3.2)

4. m¡Ïl = m¡Ï4, m¡Ï3 = m¡Ï5

c. 5. m¡Ïl + m¡Ï2 + m¡Ï3 = 180¡ã

4. Definition of congruent angles

5. Substitution Property of Equality

Theorem

Theorem 5.2 Exterior Angle Theorem

B

The measure of an exterior angle of

a triangle is equal to the sum of the

measures of the two nonadjacent

interior angles.

1

C

A

m¡Ï1 = m¡ÏA + m¡ÏB

Proof Ex. 42, p. 241

Finding an Angle Measure

Find m¡ÏJKM.

J

x¡ã

SOLUTION

Step 1 Write and solve an equation

to find the value of x.

(2x ? 5)¡ã = 70¡ã + x¡ã

x = 75

70¡ã

L

Apply the Exterior Angle Theorem.

Solve for x.

Step 2 Substitute 75 for x in 2x ? 5 to find m¡ÏJKM.

?

2x ? 5 = 2 75 ? 5 = 145

So, the measure of ¡ÏJKM is 145¡ã.

238

Chapter 5

Congruent Triangles

(2x ? 5)¡ã

K

M

A corollary to a theorem is a statement that can be proved easily using the theorem.

The corollary below follows from the Triangle Sum Theorem.

Corollary

Corollary 5.1 Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem

The acute angles of a right triangle

are complementary.

C

A

B

m¡ÏA + m¡ÏB = 90¡ã

Proof Ex. 41, p. 241

Modeling with Mathematics

In the painting, the red triangle is a right triangle.

The measure of one acute angle in the triangle is

twice the measure of the other. Find the measure

of each acute angle.

SOLUTION

2x¡ã

x¡ã

1. Understand the Problem You are given a

right triangle and the relationship between the

two acute angles in the triangle. You need to

find the measure of each acute angle.

2. Make a Plan First, sketch a diagram of the situation. You can use the Corollary

to the Triangle Sum Theorem and the given relationship between the two acute

angles to write and solve an equation to find the measure of each acute angle.

3. Solve the Problem Let the measure of the smaller acute angle be x¡ã. Then the

measure of the larger acute angle is 2x¡ã. The Corollary to the Triangle Sum

Theorem states that the acute angles of a right triangle are complementary.

Use the corollary to set up and solve an equation.

x¡ã + 2x¡ã = 90¡ã

Corollary to the Triangle Sum Theorem

x = 30

Solve for x.

So, the measures of the acute angles are 30¡ã and 2(30¡ã) = 60¡ã.

4. Look Back Add the two angles and check that their sum satisfies the Corollary

to the Triangle Sum Theorem.

30¡ã + 60¡ã = 90¡ã

?

Monitoring Progress

3. Find the measure of ¡Ï1.

Help in English and Spanish at

4. Find the measure of each acute angle.

2x¡ã

3x¡ã

40¡ã

1 (5x ? 10)¡ã

(x ? 6)¡ã

Section 5.1

Angles of Triangles

239

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download