Assiut University

Diffuse disc bulge with ligamentum flavum hypertrophy & facetal arthropathy is noted at levels indenting thecal sac, compromising lateral recesses and exit foramina. Thecal sac area in mm2 measures T12-L1 -; L1-L2 -; L2-L3 -; L3-L4 -; L4-L5 -; L5-S1 -. Rest of the exiting nerve roots, ligamentum flavum and facet joints appear normal. ................
................