The Use of EMI in History teaching for S3



The Use of EMI in History teaching for S3Topic: Causes of World War ILearning objectives:Subject contentLanguage skills (Reading and Writing)Underlying causes of WWIImmediate cause of WWIOutbreak of WWIVocabulary building in history contextWriting from a sentence to a short paragraph and then an essayActive and passive voiceSignal words of purpose, cause and effect and sequence signal wordsTask 1: Identify the underlying causes of WWIRead the passage and do the exercises that follow. World War One occurred due to many causes. The causes could be classified into the underlying and immediate causes. The underlying causes were: imperialism, militarism, nationalism and alliance system.ImperialismAfrica and parts of Asia were points of contention among the European countries. They wanted to get more land and raw materials. The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation and this kind of colonial rivalry helped push the world into World War I.MilitarismAs the world entered the 20th century, an armament race had begun. Britain and Germany were against one another. The German Kaiser ordered the production of new Dreadnought-class battleships. This created more tension between the two nations and helped push the countries involved to war.Extreme NationalismIn the late 19th century, extreme nationalism was popular among European countries. Different races strived for national glory. It resulted in conflicts when there was a clash of different nationalist movements.Alliance SystemWithin Europe, a system of military alliances was established to provide European powers with a sense of security. Two rival alliances were formed. They were the Triple Alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy and the Triple Entente consisting of Britain, France and Russia. As a result of Germany’s build-up in naval resources, Great Britain was forced to abandon its isolation policy.Immediate causeThe immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28th June 1914. The assassination occurred during the Archduke's visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The German Kaiser, Wilhelm II, provided support through a telegram to Emperor Franz Joseph II. This telegram is known today as the "Blank Cheque." It was this reassurance that prompted Austria to declare war on Serbia, which set off a chain reaction of conflicts. Germany was also held responsible for causing the outbreak of WWI because of this. A harsh ultimatum was issued to Serbia. Austria-Hungary gave Serbia 48 hours to reply. Serbia agreed to all terms of the ultimatum but one.Outbreak of the WarAustria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia. Germany, seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium pulling Britain into war.Match the vocabulary in Column A with the meaning in Column B Column AanswersColumn BAllianceCfriendly understandingArmamentGcruel, roughAssassinationLstate of being joinedColonial rivalryObeing accountable for one’s actions or decisionsDeclareHdirect reasonEntenteAgroup of people with a common culture, language, historyHarshBweaponsImmediate causeEmake known clearlyImperialismKdevotion and loyalty to one’s own nationIsolationNbecome ready for service or actionMilitarismPthe policy of extending power and influence of a country/empire in the worldMobilizeJkilling of an important or famous person for money or political reasonsNationalismIbackground of an eventRaceFkeeping somebody or something from other people or thingsResponsibleDthe competition in getting more landUltimatumQbelieving in or depending on military strength and methodsUnderlying causesMfinal demands to be accepted without discussionB.Crossword puzzle (using the vocabulary in the above passage)Read the instructions below and complete the puzzle.Across3Sarajevo Assassination was the _____ cause of WWI.4Archduke Ferdinand was killed in this _____.5Usually, if a country wants to have war with another country, she has to _____ war on that country first.6After the Sarajevo Assassination, Austria-Hungary sent an _____ to Serbia.9A word used to describe someone who is unkind.10In 1904, Britain and France had an agreement in the form of an _____.11Under the influence of _____, European countries looked for overseas colonies.14The Triple _____ was a kind of union between members.Down1_____ was one of the causes of WWI. Peoples wanted to have their own country or to govern themselves.2Britain was a _____ empire with a lot of colonies all over the world.7To understand the causes of WWI, we have to look into the _____ and immediate causes.8_____ encouraged a country to build up arms.12To support their allies, the European countries _____ their military force after the Sarajevo Assassination.13Bismarck started the Alliance system because he wanted to keep France in _____.ANSWERS13ISO1LN2A14ALLIANCETTO3IMMEDIATELOOO12NNNM4ASSASSINATIONLABI5DECLAREI7S8L6ULTIMATUMINIZDLEEID9HARSH10ENTENTELAYR11IMPERIALISMNSGMMind map showing the underlying causes of WWI Complete the mind map by using the information from the passage and reference book.Suggested answersTask 2: Show how nationalism led to conflicts among the powersEurope after 1870Fill in the name of the country with the information provided. Country DescriptionBritainA strong industrial powerA strong navyIn keen competition with Germany in naval build-upTrying to end her isolationGermanyDefeating France in the Franco-Prussian WarBeing afraid of French revenge after 1871Having conflict with Britain and FranceFranceBeing defeated in 1871 by GermanyLooking for allies in Europe in order to take revenge on GermanyItalyExpanding overseas especially in AfricaHaving conflict with France in North AfricaSeeking alliesAustria- HungaryA multi-racial empireLooking for expansion in the BalkansIn conflict with Serbia because of her expansionFacing national minority problemBalkan statesBeing ruled by the Ottoman EmpireHaving conflicts with one another because of racial and religious differencesAttracting the interests of European powersRussiaLooking for warm water portSupporting Pan-Slav movementLooking for expansion in the BalkansWrite a topic sentence for the information in this table.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________e.g.Nationalism was one of the underlying causes of WWI because each country looked for their own interests. Language focus: Use of active/passive voiceComplete the sentence in column A with the correct choice from Column B.Column AColumn B1.Britain _____ to end her isolationa.triedb.was tried2.France _____ by Germany in the Franco-Prussian Wara.defeatedb.was defeated3.Italy _____ overseas especially in Africa.a.expandedb.was expanded4.Austria-Hungary _____ for expansion in the Balkans.a.lookedb.was looked5.The Balkan states _____ by the Ottoman Empire.a.ruledb.was ruled6.Russia _____ the Pan-Slav Movement.a.supportedb.was supported7.Archduke Franz Ferdinand _____ in Sarajevo.a.assassinatedb.was assassinated8.Two rival alliances _____ before WWI.a.formedb.were formed9.WWI _____ in 1914.a.broke outb.was broke out10.The Triple Entente _____ of Britain, France and Russia.a.made upb.was made upWrite two sentences, one using active voice and the other using passive voice, on one of the causes of the First World War.e.g.Bismarck started the Alliance System. (Active Voice) ORThe Alliance System was started by Bismarck. (Passive Voice)The Alliance System was one of the causes of the First World War. (Topic Sentence) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________B.Use of signal words of purpose (in order to/to/so that)Re-arrange the following words into a complete sentence.1.the colonies / European countries / fought / in order to control / among themselves______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.with one another / themselves / European countries / allied / in order to protect______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.resources / European countries / to get / raced / land and______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Austria / to fight against / Serbia / Russia / supported______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.strengthened / so that / protect themselves / European countries / they could / their military force______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Germany / she could / looked for ally / take revenge on / France / so that______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.The Balkan states / the Ottoman Empire / rule themselves / break away from / so that / tried to / they could______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.the Alliance System / isolate France / started / Germany / so that / she could______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Write two sentences, one using ‘in order to / to’ and the other using ‘so that’, on one of the causes of the First World War. (With reference to P.7)e.g.Russia expanded in the Balkans in order to look for warm water port.Nationalism was one of the causes of the First World War. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 3: Show how alliance system led to conflicts among the powersMap work Use colour to show the opposing European countries at the outbreak of World War I. Write down the names of the countries.Suggested answerWrite short sentences for each treaty signed to show how the 2 opposing camps were formed.Instructions:You may use active / passive voice and the signal words of purpose to write the sentences.1879Dual AllianceThe formation of Two Armed Camps1894Franco-Russian Alliance1882Triple Alliance1904Entente Cordiale1907Anglo-Russian Entente1907Triple Entente 1.In 1879, Austria-Hungary and Germany made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia.2.In 1882, Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia.3.In 1894, Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary.4.In 1904, France and Britain signed the Entente Cordiale between them.5.In 1907, the Anglo-Russian Entente was signed between Britain and Russia.6.In 1907, the Triple Entente was signed between Russia, France and Britain to counter the German threat.Cartoon (A chain of friendship)Write short sentences to show how the allies supported each other, using the information from this cartoon, the table below and the above exercise.Source: The cartoon 'A chain of friendship', published in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July plete the table below What did the powers do on the eve of the First World War? CountriesThe First World WarGermanyHint: 1879 - Germany and Austria-Hungary;(What did Germany do after the Sarajevo Assassination?)AustriaHint: (What did Austria do after the Sarajevo Assassination?)RussiaHint: (Russia being the leader of Slav race)FranceHint: 1894 - Russia and FranceBritainHint: 1907Reaction to Germany in 1914 Suggested answersCountriesThe First World WarGermanyUnlimited support to Austria; declared war on Russia; attacked France through BelgiumAustriaDeclared war on SerbiaRussiaMobilized army to help SerbiaFranceMobilized army to support RussiaBritainJoined the war to support its alliesShort writing exercise on the impact of Alliance System Use the signal words ‘to / in order to’ and ‘so that’ to complete the exercisee.g.Russia mobilized her army to help Serbia.1.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task 4: Show how colonial rivalry led to conflicts among the powersBelow is a table showing the conflicts among the powers before WWI.BritainFranceGermanyItalyRussiaBritainEgypt, SudanEast AfricaPersia, AfghanistanFranceMoroccoTunisiaGermanyItalyRussiaThe situation of Africa before 1914Write short sentences about their struggle for colonies. Use the information provided in the table and map above. (cause and effect)e.g. Britain and Germany had interests in East Africa, so/as a result they had conflict over the areas in East Africa.1.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Suggested answersFrance and Italy had interests in North Africa, so / as a result they had conflict over Tunisia.France and Germany had interests in North Africa, so / as a result they had conflict over Morocco.Britain and France had interests in North Africa, so / as a result they had conflict over Egypt and Sudan.Britain and Russia had interests in in Middle East and Far East, so / as a result they had conflict over Persia and Afghanistan.France and Germany had conflict in Morocco so / as a result it led to Moroccan Crisis. France and Germany nearly came to a war in order to / to control Morocco.Task 5: Show how militarism led to conflicts among the powersStudy the Sources A and B below and find out how militarism led to conflicts among the powers.Source AA British cartoon published in the early 20th century, entitled “The Marine Painters of England and Germany”.* Uncle Edward: King Edward VII of England* William: Kaiser William (Wilhelm) II of GermanySource BArmaments raceIn the early 20th century, most powers thought military action was the best way to safeguard national interests. The amount of army and navy showed how strong a country was. The powers increased their military expenditure. This intensified the armaments race. Britain and Germany built dreadnoughts to make themselves even stronger.The armaments race did not give the powers a stronger sense of security. It made the international situation tenser and increased the possibility of the outbreak of war.1.According to Source A, what did William want to do?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.According to Source A, what was Uncle Edward’s reaction? (Quote from the source and then rewrite in your own words)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Identify the underlying cause of WWI. Explain your answer with reference to the 2 Sources.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.How did the underlying cause you identified in question 3 lead to the outbreak of the First World War? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Suggested Answers1.According to Source A, what did William want to do?William wanted to build Dreadnought2.According to the Source A, what was Uncle Edward’s reaction? (Quote from the source and then rewrite in your own words)Uncle Edward said, “Your little marine masterpiece is too ambitious; keep it as a study.” Edward VII was unhappy with William’s plan for this would challenge England’s naval supremacy.3.Identify the underlying cause of WWI. Explain your answer with reference to the 2 Sources.The 2 Sources showed how militarism led to conflicts among the powers. Source A showed that Germany wanted to challenge England’s naval supremacy by building the dreadnoughts. Source B showed the results of armaments race.4.How did the underlying cause you identified in question 3 lead to the outbreak of the First World War? Explain your answer with reference to Sources A and B?The building of dreadnoughts by Germany intensified the armaments race as shown in Source A. Source B explained that the armaments race did not give the powers a stronger sense of security. It made the international situation tenser and increased the possibility of the outbreak of war.Task 6: Write a short paragraph about any ONE of the underlying causes Complete the table belowUse the information in the table to help you write a short paragraph about any one of the underlying causes. (Remember to start with a topic sentence.) (cause and effect)e.g. Extreme nationalism was one of the underlying causes of WWI because the powers wanted to increase their glory by expansion. As a result, there was war when they had conflicts.Underlying causesMeaningEffectsExtreme NationalismThe Great Powers increased their national glory by expansion.It resulted in conflicts when there was a clash of nationalism.MilitarismThe Great Powers increased their size of their armed force.It increased tension.They were less willing to settle their conflicts by peaceful means.ImperialismThe Great Powers tried to gain colonies to build up their empires.It increased tension among them.Alliance SystemTwo armed camps were formed. They were the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.It turned a local war into a general war.Task 7: Write a short paragraph about the outbreak of WWI.How do we write an essay?1.Start with writing a single paragraphShort writing exercise: Write a paragraph describing WWI.Look at the information in the previous exercises and textbook to find answers to the 5 questions below. Make notes of the answers to the questions. Then write out the answers in a simple paragraph. Add other information to the paragraph if necessary.A.B.C.D.E.When did the First World War start?Which two alliances went to war?What incident caused the war to start?What happened in the incident?How long did the war last?The First World War started in 1914.The two alliances – the Triple Alliance (Austria, Italy and Germany) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) joined the war.The War was caused by the Sarajevo Assassination.The incident happened in Sarajevo when Ferdinand, the heir to Austrian throne, was assassinated.The War was fought for 4 years.Suggested answerThe First World War started in 1914. The two alliances – the Triple Alliance (Austria, Italy and Germany) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) joined the war. The War was caused by the Sarajevo Assassination. The incident happened in Sarajevo when Ferdinand, the heir to Austrian throne, was assassinated. Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia but it was refused by Serbia. Since Austria got help from Germany whereas Serbia gained support from Russia, this soon became a world war. The First World War was fought for 4 years.2.Give tips on writing an essayPlan your essay beforehand.Break down the essay into different paragraphs.Use short paragraphs.Remember to have only one central idea for each paragraph.Use topic sentences, connectives and signal words to help organize your essay.Give a concluding sentence at the end of each paragraph.3.Use a template to help students organize and write their answer for an essay(Use sequence signal words to help organize essay)IntroductionContent/BodyOpinion – first measure/reason/factor/perspective (First/Firstly)Reasoning/explanationExamples/evidence (if any)Limitations/conclusionContent/BodyOpinion – second measure/reason/factor/perspective (Second/Secondly)Reasoning/explanationExamples/evidence (if any)Limitations/conclusionContent/BodyOpinion – third measure/reason/factor/perspective (Third/Thirdly)Reasoning/explanationExamples/evidence (if any)Limitations/conclusionConclusion4.Give the students a question to practiseWhat were the underlying causes of the First World War? How did the Sarajevo Assassination turn a local conflict into a general war?Use the tips learned before to help them write this essay.A.Plan your essay before hand.Read the question carefully.Find the question word of the question. (What/How)The students should be able to tell that the answer can be divided into TWO parts.B.Break down the essay into different paragraphs.Preparation for ‘what were the underlying causes’.Use the completed exercise in task 6Preparation for ‘how did the Sarajevo Assassination turn a local conflict into a general war’.Use the completed exercise in task 3BC.Use short paragraphse.g.Task 6: Write a paragraph on one of the underlying causes.Extreme Nationalism made the Great Powers eager to increase their national glory by expansion. It resulted in conflicts when there was a clash of nationalism.Task 3B: Write a paragraph on ‘how a local conflict turned into a general war’.In 1914, the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a Serbian during his visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. With unlimited support of Germany, Austria declared war on Serbia. When Russia mobilized its army to support Serbia and France mobilized to support Russia, Germany declared war on them and attacked France through Belgium. Britain then joined the war to help Belgium and its allies. The First World War broke out.D.Remember to have only one central idea for each paragraph.What is the central idea of each of the following paragraphs.World War I was a military conflict lasting from 1914 to 1918 which involved nearly all the biggest powers of the world.It involved 2 opposing alliances – the Allies and the Central Powers. The countries of the Allies included Russia, Britain, France….. The countries of the Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.World War I was triggered on 28 June 1914 by the Sarajevo Assassination. The Assassination was planned by a Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand.The War had many causes. A tangle of alliances was made between countries, to maintain a balance of power in Europe, which brought about the scale of conflict. The Bosnian Crisis angered Serbia. Countries were building their forces, arms and battleships. Countries wanted to regain lost territories from previous conflicts and build empires. for teachersA.The short writing exercises can be done separately before teaching them how to write an essay.B.After teaching them the above, the students can be asked to complete writing an essay.Appendix1.Vocabulary listA. Places (Noun) - countryBritainBrit．ainFranceFranceGermanyGer．manyRussiaRus．siaItalyI．ta．lySerbiaSer．bi．aAustria - HungaryAus．tri．a - Hun．ga．ryB. Places (Noun)MediterraneanSea 地中海Med．i．ter．ra．ne．anCentral Europe中歐Cen．tral Eu．ropeBosnia andHerzegovina波斯尼亞 及黑塞哥維娜Bos．ni．a Her．ze．go．vi．naOttomanEmpire鄂圖曼帝國Ot．to．manEm．pireAlsace – Lorraine阿爾薩斯．洛林Al．sace - Lor．raineAsiaA．siaBalkanPeninsula巴爾幹半島Bal．kanPen．in．su．laAfricaAf．ri．caC. People from different countries (Noun)RussiansRus．siansFrenchFrenchItaliansI．tali．ansGermansGer．mansSerbiansSer．bi．ansAsiansA．si．ansBritishBri．tishAfricansAf．ri．cansAustro – HungariansAus．tro – Hun．ga．ri．ansBalkanpeopleBal．kanpeo．pleD. Causes of WWIImperialismIm．pe．rial．ismmilitarismmi．li．tar．ismAllianceSystemAl．li．anceSys．temExtremeNationalismEx．tremeNa．tion．al．ismArmamentsRaceAr．ma．mentsRaceEconomic andcolonial rivalryE．co．no．mic andco．lo．ni．alri．val．ryD1. Economic and colonial rivalry (Imperialism)nationna．tiontariffsta．riffsIndustrializationin．dus．tri．al．i．za．tiontensionten．sionraw materialsraw ma．te．ri．alscolonial expansionco．lo．ni．al ex．pan．sionEuropean powersEu．ro．pean pow．ersoverseas marketsover．seas mar．ketspowerfulpow．er．fulexpensiveex．pen．siveD2. Extreme NationalismPan – GermanismPan．Ger．man．ismLanguageLan．guagePan – SlavismPan．Slav．ismIndependentIn．de．pend．entrevengefulre．venge．fultraditiontra．di．tionNational gloryNa．tion．al glo．ryForeign expansionFor．eign ex．pan．sionD3. Armaments race (militarism)dreadnoughtsdread．noughtssuspicionsus．pi．cionArmyAr．mynavyna．vyD4. Alliance SystemTriple AllianceTri．ple Al．li．anceTriple EntenteTri．ple En．tentediplomacydi．plo．ma．cydisputesdis．putes Opposing campsOp．pos．ing campsenemiese．ne．miesE. Events leading to the WarMoroccan CrisisMo．roc．can Cri．sisBosnian CrisisBos．ni．an Cri．sisUltimatumUl．ti．ma．tummobilizationmo．bi．li．za．tionUnlimited supportUn．li．mit．ed sup．portAustrian throneAus．tri．an thronedeclarede．clareheirheir2.Signal WordsA. Cause-and-Effect signal wordsCause,so OR ,as a resultEffectColonial rivalry caused the Powers to gain colonies or areas to build up their empiresit increased tension among the Powers.Nationalism caused the Powers to increase their national glory by expansionit resulted in conflicts when there was a clash of nationalism.The armaments race caused the Powers to increase the size of their armed forceit increased tension and made the Powers less willing to settle their conflicts by peaceful means.The Alliance System caused the Powers to form two rival camps in Europeit turned a local war into a general war.B. Sequence signal wordsSequenceThe 4 underlying causesFirstly,First,colonial rivalry caused the Powers to gain colonies or areas to build up their empiresSecondly,Second,nationalism caused the Powers to increase their national glory by expansionThirdly,Third,the armaments race caused the Powers to increase the size of their armed forceLastly,Last,Last but not least,the Alliance System caused the Powers to form two rival camps in EuropeC. Signal words of purposeActionPurposeFrance and Germany speeded up their industrialization process(so that) they could become stronger.(in order to) become stronger.European powers began to impose high tariffs on foreign goods(so that) they could protect their local industries.(in order to) protect their local industries.European powers began to compete for colonies(so that) they could get more raw materials and a larger overseas market for their industrial goods.(in order to) get more raw materials and a larger overseas market for their industrial goods.European powers competed in building dreadnoughts(so that) they could control the sea when a war broke out.(in order to) control the sea when a war broke out.D. Signal word for change of ideaPositive clausebutNegative clauseItaly was a victorious powershe was unhappy with the Paris Peace Settlement.Italy was a member of the Triple Allianceshe joined the Allied Powers in the First World War.Britain was the strongest power before WWIher power was on the decline after WWI. ................
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