PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, AND STEMS- PRE AP SCIENCE
PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, AND STEMS- PRE AP SCIENCE
The following list gives the meaning of prefixes, suffixes, and stems that are commonly used to form scientific terms. Whenever you encounter a new term in your study of biology, break it apart and try to find the parts in this list. Such a habit will greatly simplify your mastery of biological vocabulary.
As an example, you might take the word nephrology . the stem nephro- is derived from the Greek word nephros, meaning, kidney, while the stem log- is derived from the Greek work legos, meaning thought or study of. You might later encounter the word nephrolith, and you would then only have to determine the meaning of the suffix – lith, since you would already know the meaning of the first part of the word.. Or when you ran across such words as bacteriology and zoology, you would probably have a good idea, of what they mean. After some practice, you will be surprised how many new words you can define without looking them up.
It has often been necessary to add a vowel to combining forms for pleasing pronunciation. For example, bacteri + logy becomes bacteriology. For the same reason it has been necessary at times to drop or change a vowel in a prefix, suffix, or stem. For example, gastro becomes gastric, and adjective pertaining to the stomach.
Most scientific terms are derived from either the ancient Greek or Latin because either of these languages is in use now so that they are unchanging, and also they are studied universally. As a result, you will find that Latin noun endings are often used in biology.
EACH WEEK YOU WILL HAVE 10 NEW ITEMSAND YOU ARE TO FIND A WORD THAT USES THAT TERM , DEFINE IT, TURN IT IN AND THEN A TEST WILL BE GIVEN OVER THE TEN NEW SUFFIX OR PREFIX TERMS
1. a no, lacking ; none
2. ab – away from; out from
3. ac – to; toward
4. -aceous; - accous of or pertaining to
5. ad- to; toward
6. adeno- gland
7. agri- field, soil
8. -al having the character of
9. alb- white
10. -algia pain
11. alto- high
12. ameb- change; alternation
13. amphibi- leading a double life
14. ampho-; amb both
15. an- not; without
16. ana- up
17. andro- masculine; man
18. anemo- wind
19. angio- vessel
20. ante- before; ahead of time
21. antero- front
22. antho- flower
23. anti- against
24. anthropo- man
25. ap- to; toward
26. aqu- water
27. archaeo- primitive; ancient
28. arthro- jointed
29. aster-; astr- stars
30. -ate used in forming verbs from nouns
31. - ation used in forming nouns from verbs
32. atom- vapor
33. audi- hear
34. auto- self
35. bacter- stick; club
36. barb- beard
37. baro- weight
38. bath- depth; height
39. bene- well; good
40. bi- two; twice; double
41. bio-; bi- life; living
42. -blast sprout; germ
43. brachi- having arms
44. brev- short
45. bronch- windpipe
46. calor- heat
47. carb- coal; carbon
48. cardi- heart
49. carn- meat
50. carp- fruit
51. carpal- wrist
52. caud- tail
53. cell- storeroom; chamber
54. - cene new; recent
55. centi- hundredth
56. centr- center
57. cephal- head
58. cervic- neck
59. chem- referring to chemistry
60. chloro green
61. chrom-; -chrome color
62. chym- juice
63. -cide killing
64. circum- around; about
65. cirru- hairlike curls
66. co- with; together
67. cocc- seed
68. coel- hollow
69. coll- glue
70. com- with; together
71. con- with; together
72. coni- cone
73. contra- against
74. corp- body
75. cosmo- world; order; form
76. cotyl- cup
77. counter- against
78. crypt- hidden; covered
79. -cule; -culus added to nouns to form diminutive
80. cumul- heaped
81. cuti- skin
82. cyan- dark blue
83. -cycle; cycl- ring; circle
84. cyst- bladder; pouch
85. cyt-; -cyte cell; receptacle
86. dacty- finger
87. deca- ten
88. deci- tenth
89. deliquesc- become fluid
90. demi- half
91. dendr- tree
92. dent- tooth
93. derm- skin
94. di- two; double
95. dia- through; across
96. digit finger; toe
97. din- terrible
98. dis- apart; out
99. dorm- sleep
100. dors- back
101. du-; duo two
102. -duct lead
103. dynam- power
104. dys- ill; bad
105. ec- out of; outside
106. echin- spiny; prickly
107. eco- house
108. ect- outside; without
109. electro-electric; electricity
110. en- -in; into
111. -en -made of
112. encephal- brain
113. end-; ent- within; in
114. enter- intestine
115. eous nature of; like
116. epi- on; above
117. -er wander; go astray
118. erythro- red
119. ethno- race
120. eu- well; good
121. extra- beyond, outside of
122. ex- out of
123. – fer -bear; carry;
124. ferro- iron
125. fibr- fiber; thread
126. -fid; fis-divided into; split
127. -flect; -flex bend
128. flor- flower
129. fluor- fluorine
130. foli- leaf
131. fract- break
132. galact-;galax milk; milky fluid
133. gastro- stomach
134. geo- land; earth
135. -gen; -gine producer; former
136. -gene; gene- origin
137. -gest carry; produce
138. glob- ball, round
139. glottis mouth of windpipe
140. -gon angle; corner
141. -gony offspring; generation; coming into being
142. -grade step; division
143. -gram writing; record
144. -graphy; -graph writing; record
145. grav- heavy
146. gross thick
147. gymno- naked
148. gyn female
149. gyr- ring; circle
150. haem-; hem- blood
151. -hal-;-hale breathe, breath
152. halo- sea, salt
153. hecto- hundred
154. -helminth- worm
155. hemi- half
156. hepat- liver
157. herb- grass
158. hetero- different
159. hex- six
160. hibern- winter
161. hipp- horse
162. hist- tissue
163. holo- entire; whole
164. homo- same; alike
165. hort- garden
166. hybrid mongrel
167. hydr- water
168. hygr- wet; moist
169. hypo- beneath; under; less
170. hyper- above; beyond; over
171. hypha- weaving
172. hypno- sleep
173. –ic added to nouns to form adjectives
174. ichthy- fish
175. ign- fire
176. im- not
177. in- to; toward; into
178. in- not
179. - ine of or pertaining to
180. infra- below; beneath
181. inter- between
182. intra- within; inside
183. –ion state or condition: action
184. -ism a state or condition
185. iso- equal; same
186. -itis inflammation; disease
187. kilo- thousand
188. lachry- tear
189. lact- milk
190. lat- side; flank
191. -less without
192. leuc- white; bright; light
193. lign- wood
194. lin- line
195. lingu- tongue
196. liqu- become fluid or liquid
197. lip- fat
198. lith-; -lite -stone; petrifying
199. loc- -place
200. -logy -study
201. -lysis; -lyte; -lyst- dissolve; decompose
202. macr- large
203. malle- hammer
204. mamm-breast
205. marg- border; edge
206. mast- breast
207. med- middle
208. meg- great; million
209. mela-; melan- black; dark
210. mes- middle; half; intermediate
211. met-; meta- between; along; after
212. meteor- lofty, high, in air
213. -meter; -metry way of measuring, instruments for measuring
214. micro- small
215. milli- thousandth
216. mis- wrong; incorrect
217. mole- mass
218. mono- one; single
219. mont- mountain
220. mort- death
221. mov-; -mot move
222. morph-shape; form
223. multi- many
224. mycel- threadlike
225. mycet- fungus
226. myria- many
227. moll- soft
228. nas- nose
229. nemat- thread
230. neo- new ;recent
231. nephro- kidney
232. -ner- moist liquid
233. neur-;nerv- nerve; tendon
234. noct-;nox- night
235. -node knot
236. -nomy; -nome distribute; arrange; law
237. non- not
238. not- back
239. nuc- center
240. ob- against
241. ocul- eye
242. oct- eight
243. odont- tooth
244. -oid like in form or shape
245. olf- smell
246. omni- all
247. ophtal- eye
248. opt-; opsy eye; vision
249. orb- circle; round; ring
250. orth- straight; correct; right
251. oscu- mouth
252. oste- bone
253. -ous full of; abounding in
254. ov- egg
255. oxy- sharp; acid; oxygen
256. pachy- thick
257. paleo- old; ancient
258. palm- broad; flat
259. pan- all
260. par- beside; near; equal; bring forth
261. path-; -pathy disease;
suffering
262. -ped foot
263. pent- five
264. per- through
265. permea pass; go
266. phag- eat
267. pheno- show
268. phil- loving; fond of
269. phon-; -phone sound
270. -phore bearer
271. photo- light
272. phyc- seaweed; algae
273. -phyll leaf
274. physi- nature; natural qualities
275. -phte; phyt- plant
276. plan- roaming;wandering
277. plasm-;-plast form; formed into
278. pleur- rib; lung
279. pneumo-lungs; air
280. -pod foot
281. poly- many; several
282. por- opening
283. port- carry
284. post- after; behind
285. pom- fruit
286. pre-before; ahaead of time
287. pro- forward; favoring; before
288. proto- first; primary
289. pseud- false; deceptive
290. pter- having wings of fins
291. pulmo-lung
292. puls- drive; push
293. pyr- heat; fire
294. quadr- four; four-fold
295. quin- five
296. radi- ray; spoke of a wheel; energy in rays
297. re- again; back
298. rect- correct; right
299. ren- kidney
300. ret- net; made like a net
301. rhin- nose
302. rhiz- root
303. rubr- red
304. saccharo- sugar
305. sapr- rotten
306. saur- lizard
307. scler- hard
308. sci- know
309. scope look; observe
310. -scribe; script write
311. semi- half; partly
312. sept- partition; seven
313. septic putrefaction; infection
314. sex- six
315. -sis condition; state
316. sol- sun
317. solv- loosen; free
318. somn- sleep
319. son- sound
320. spec-;spic- look at
321. sperm- seed
322. spher- ball
323. -spire breathe
324. spor- seed
325. stat- standing; placed
326. stell- stars
327. stern- breast; chest
328. stom-;-stome mouth
329. strat- layer
330. stereo- solid; in three dimensions
331. strict- drawn tight
332. styl- pillar
333. sub- under; below
334. super- over; above; on top
335. sur- over; above; on top
336. sym-;syn- together
337. tachy- quick; swift
338. tarso- ankle
339. tax- arrangement
340. tele- far off; at a distance
341. terr- earth
342. tetr- four
343. thall- young shoot
344. therm- heat
345. -tom cut; slice
346. toxico- poison
347. top- place
348. trans- across
349. tri- three
350. trich- hair
351. trop- one who feeds; well fed
352. -ule diminutive
353. ultra- beyond
354. ur- urine
355. vas- vessel
356. vect- carry
357. ven-; vent come
358. ventr- belly
359. vice- in place of
360. vig- strong
361. vit-; viv- life
362. volv- roll; wander
363. vor- devour; eat
364. xanthin- yellow
365. zo-;-oza animal
366. zyg- yolk
367. zym- yeast
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