Nature of Science:
Nature of Science:
Branches of Science
Science is observing, studying, and experimenting to find the nature of things.
There are 2 main branches of science:
1. Social Sciences
- deals with human nature
2. Natural Sciences
- tries to understand how “nature”, or the whole universe, behaves.
Natural Science is subdivided into:
1. Biological Science
-life science
2. Physical Science
-Chemistry: science of matter and
how it changes
-Physics: science of forces & energy
3. Earth Science
- Geology: physical nature &
history of Earth
- Meteorology: study of
atmosphere
& weather
- 7 other areas
Over time…all of the areas of science have become mixed together and more interrelated.
Ex. Biochemistry, Geochemistry, or
Geophysics
The Way Science Works:
Scientific knowledge is always changing, but the way in which we study it remains consistent.
-Critical Thinking and Scientific Method is always used to solve problems logically.
Math is the language of science.
- scientists use standard units of measure
that together form the International System of Units. (SI Units)
• using this system allows for
consistency.
• this includes all metric units &
prefixes.
Organizing Data:
While conducting experiments, it is important to collect data & make observations.
So…what’s the best way to organize all that data?
Graphs:
Types of Graphs:
1. Line Graphs
- used to show continuously changing data
2. Bar Graphs
- compare values of items
3. Pie Graphs
- shows all the parts of a whole
Scientific Notation:
Since math is the language of science it is important to be able to use & interpret numbers.
Many of the numbers will be too large or too small to work with easily.
Therefore…it becomes necessary to use Scientific Notation to make this easier.
Scientific Notation: method of reducing the number of zeros in very big or very small numbers & expressing them as a power of 10.
*** The number must ALWAYS be one digit with a value between 1 & 9!
*** The exponent tells you how many places you’ve moved your decimal.
1000 = 103 (Kilo)
100 = 102 (Hecto)
10 = 101 (Deka)
1 = 100
0.1 = 10-1 (Deci)
0.01 = 10-2 (Centi)
0.001 = 10-3 (Milli)
Math Rules for Scientific Notation:
1. Multiplying: add the powers of 10
2. Dividing: subtract the powers of 10
Significant Figures
(Reliable/Meaningful)
Precision vs. Accuracy
Are these two things the same? NOOOOOO!
Precision: indicates the exactness of a measurement; how close measurements are to each other.
Accuracy: indicates how close a measurement is to the true value.
- a measured value is only as accurate and precise as the tool used to measure it
- determining this is done by using significant figures
Significant Figures: used by scientists to show
the precision of a measurement.
- sig figs tell you how precise the measurement is, but now how accurate it is.
-----------------------
Not Accurate
Not Precise
Not Accurate
Yes Precise
Accurate
& Precise
Yes Accurate
Not Precise
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