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Name:____________________________________Period:__________________Suchopar/Bellisari: Dream TeamInterwar Period- APW482917527559000026416000The World Between Wars (1919-1939): Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian ResponseUnit Essential Questions:How do rulers of spectacular brutality gain and keep power in a twentieth-century state? To what extent did their ideas, their personalities, and the actions of their opponents contribute to their success?Textbook Chapter 30: The World between the Wars: Revolutions, Depression, and Authoritarian Response (pages 729-743; 748-762)AP World Themes:Theme 1: Interaction between humans and the environmentTheme 2: Development and interaction of culturesTheme 3: State Building, expansion, and conflictTheme 4: Creation expansion and interaction of economic systemsTheme 5: Development and transformation of social structuresAP World Key Concepts: 6.2: Global Conflicts and Their Consequences6.3: New Conceptualization of Global Economy, Society, and CultureAP Historical Reasoning Skills Targeted in Unit 6:Comparison CausationContinuity and Change Over Time___________________________________________________________________________________________________________Appeasement: The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war.Coalition government: A government controlled by a temporary alliance of several political parties. Cristeros: Conservative peasant movement in Mexico during the 1920s; most active in central Mexico; attempted to halt slide toward secularism; movement resulted in armed violence. Cubist Movement: 20th century art style; best represented by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso; rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes. Diaz, Porfirio: One of Juarez’s generals; elected president of Mexico in 1876; dominated Mexican politics for 35 years; imposed strong central government. Fascism: Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction. Franco, Francisco: El Caudillo, or “The Leader.” Spain’s head of state from 1939-1975. He founded a fascist dictatorship that controlled Spain until his death. Gestapo: Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics. Great Depression: International economic crisis following World War I; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s, collapse of banking houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of 19th century. Hitler, Adolf: der Fuhrer, or “The Leader.” Chancellor of Germany who cofounded the Nazi Party. He established the Third Reich in Germany in 1933. His expansionist policy precipitated WWII and his fanatical anti-Semitism led to the Holocaust. Inflation: A decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services. Isolationism: A policy of avoiding political or military involvement with other countries. Mein Kampf: “My Struggle” – a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany. Mexican Constitution of 1917: Promised land reform, limited foreign ownership of key resources, guaranteed the rights of workers, and placed restrictions on clerical education; marked formal end of Mexican Revolution. Mexican Revolution: Fought over a period of almost ten years from 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forced led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.Munich Conference: A 1938 meeting of representatives from Britain, France, Italy, and Germany, at which Britain and France agreed to allow Nazi Germany to annex part of Czechoslovakia in return for Adolf Hitler’s pledge to respect Czechoslovakia’s new borders. Mussolini, Benito: Il Duce, or “The Leader.” Prime Minister of Italy who founded the Italian Fascist Party in 1919. Created the first fascist government (1922-1943) based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories. Nazism: The fascist policies of the National Socialist German Workers’ party, based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry. New Deal: President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state’s intervention in U.S. social and economic life. Popular Front: Combination of socialist and communist political parties in France; won election in 1936; unable to take strong measures of social reform because of continuing strength of conservatives; fell from power in 1938. Roosevelt, Franklin D.: Elected President of the United States in 1932, he was elected president in the first election after the Great Depression had begun.Spanish Civil War: War pitting authoritarian and military leaders in Spain against republicans and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported the royalists; the Soviet Union supported the republicans; led to victory of the royalist forces. Stalin, Joseph: Successor of the USSR’s Communist Party after the death of Lenin. Stalin was cold, impersonal, and ruthless. He imposed a totalitarian government in the Soviet Union. Syndicalism: Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin America from European political movements; militant force in Latin America. Third Reich: The Third German Empire, established by Adolf Hitler in the 1930s.Totalitarian State: A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over all activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. Villa, Pancho: Mexican revolutionary and military commander in northern Mexico during the Mexican Revolution; succeeded along the Emiliano Zapata in removing Diaz from power in 1911; also participated in campaigned that removed other revolutionary leaders from power. Weimar Republic: The republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933. Zapata, Emiliano: Mexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerrilla movement after 1910 centered in Morelos; succeeded along with Pancho Villa in removing Diaz from power. Demanded sweeping land reform. ................
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