Unit 2 Student

[Pages:13]Llic?ncies d'Estudis Retribu?des Modalitat B2. Curs 2008-2009

Student's Material

UNIT 2: THE PERIODIC TABLE

Content:

Unit 2 The periodic Table

2.1. Structure of the Periodic Table 2.2. Correlation with electron configuration 2.3. Metals, non-metals and semimetals

Learning Aims:

At the end of the unit, the student will know:

? How elements are arranged in the Periodic Table. ? The relationship between the electron configuration of an element and its

position in the Periodic Table. ? The symbols of common elements. ? The main properties of metals, non-metals and semimetals. ? The uses of some elements in the everyday life. ? To use the computer to strengthen language and improve his/her knowledge. ? To use the appropriate language to answer questions and to communicate with

teacher and classmates.

Initial Activities

1.

Match each word, on the left column with the appropriate words on the

right column:

Bad electricity and heat conductors Malleable Fragile Low density Shiny Brittle High density Good electricity and heat conductors Dull Hard

Metal Non-metal



2.

How many groups have the Periodic Table? How many periods?

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3.

Where are located non-metals in the periodic table:

a. left; b. right; c. centre.

Student's Material

4.

The elements with characteristics of both metals and non-metals are

called:

a. noble gases; b. metalloids; c. halogens; d. alkali earth metals.

5.

Imagine you are Dmitri Ivanovich Mendel?iev.

a. Look for information about his biography (birth, family, studies, profession, predictions, etc)

b. Underline the main information.

c. Create a character in the website:

d. Write and comment the main information with your classmate.

Key words:

Boiling point

Temperature at which a liquid goes from liquid to gas.

Brittle

Easy to break; fragile

Conductor

Substance that conducts heat, light, sound, or an electric charge.

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Density

Ductile

Group

Malleable

Student's Material

Mass that the unit volume has

It can be able to be shaped into threads without breaking

Column of the Periodic Table

It can be able to be shaped into sheets without breaking

Metal Non-metal

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Temperature at which a liquid goes from liquid to gas.

Element of the periodic Table, good conductor of electricity and heat

Element of the periodic Table, bad conductor of electricity and heat

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Llic?ncies d'Estudis Retribu?des Modalitat B2. Curs 2008-2009

Period

Rare earths

Semimetal or metalloid

Shiny

Student's Material

Horizontal rows in the periodic table

Any element of the lanthanide and actinide series in the Periodic Table.

Non metallic element with some of the properties of a metal.

Reflect light, bright

Transition metals

Metals located between groups 3 and 12 of the Periodic Table.

Read the words aloud, the website (free dictionary with pronunciation) will help you to do it.

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Llic?ncies d'Estudis Retribu?des Modalitat B2. Curs 2008-2009

Student's Material

2.1. Structure of the Periodic Table

In the periodic table elements are arranged in horizontal rows, or periods, in order of increasing atomic number. The elements with similar chemical properties fall directly beneath one another in the same column, group or family.

There are 7 periods and 18 groups.

Groups have different names: alkali metals (group 1); alkaline earth metals (group 2); transition metals (groups 3 to 12); boron group (group 13); carbon group (group 14); nitrogen group (group 15); chalcogens (group 16); halogens (group 17); noble gases (group 18) and lanthanides (14 elements after lanthanum) and actinides (the 14 elements after actinium)

Hydrogen occupies a unique position at the top of the periodic table. It does not fit naturally into any Group

Questions

1. Tell the name of the liquid elements in the Periodic Table

2. Choose the right answer:

2.1. What of the following elements are halogens? a. Iodine. b. Sodium. c. Iron d. Chlorine

2.2. Group 2 of the periodic table is called. a. Halogens b. Alkali metals c. Alkali earth metals d. Noble gases

2.3. Which element has the largest mass? a. Lithium b. Rubidium c. Sodium d. Potassium

2.4. Which element has the lowest boiling point? a. Neon b. Helium c. Radon d. Xenon

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Student's Material

2.5. Which element is a transition metal?

a. Phosphorus b. Rubidium c. Copper d. Carbon

2.6. The elements known as the alkali metals are found in Group

a. 14 b. 2 c. 1 d. 16

2.7. Under ordinary, room temperature conditions, the greatest number of elements are

a. Solids b. Liquids c. Gases d. Plasmas

2.8. How many naturally occurring elements are found on the earth?

a. 117 b. 92 c. 90 d. 104

2.9. The most common elements in Earth's crust are:

a. Calcium and carbon b. Aluminium and iron c. Sodium and hydrogen d. Oxygen and Silicon

2.10. The most common elements in Earth's atmosphere are:

a. Oxygen and hydrogen b. Nitrogen and oxygen c. Oxygen and carbon d. Oxygen and Silicon

2.11. In the Periodic Table, elements are arranged by:

a. Number of protons b. Atomic number c. Atomic mass d. Physical properties

2.12. Elements in the same group of Periodic Table, elements are arranged by:

a. Number of protons b. Atomic number c. Atomic mass d. Physical properties

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3. Write the symbol of the following elements:

Student's Material

Name Potassium Selenium Manganese Iodine Hydrogen Carbon Phosphorus

Symbol

Name Calcium Lithium Tin

Sulphur Strontium Helium Osmium

Symbol

Name Boron

Lead

Silicon

Sodium Cobalt Rubidium Thallium

Symbol

4. Write the name of the following elements

Name

Symbol Cs

Ra

Al

Fe

Fr

Ni

Ir

N

Name

Symbol V

Be

Cd

Ga

Cr

Mg

Ba

Au

Name

Symbol O

W

Sb

Pt

Cl

In

Zn

As

2.2. Correlation with electron configuration

According to the electron configuration, Periodic Table can be divided in different blocs:

Te s-block electrons are been added to outer (s) sublevels.

The p-block electrons are been added to outer (p) sublevels

The d-block electrons are been added to outer (d) sublevels.

The two sets of 14 elements each, located at the bottom of the Periodic Table (rare earth), electrons are been added to outer (f) sublevels. Elements in the same Group have the same valence electrons* but different levels. The number of period is the same that the number of the energetic level of the valence shell.

Elements in the s-block have very similar properties.

Note: *Valance electrons are the electrons in the outermost principal energetic level.

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Student's Material

Questions

1. Choose the right answer:

1.1. An atom of an element belonging to the alkali metal family has a. One outer shell electron. b. Two outer shell electrons. c. Three outer shell electrons. d. Four outer shell electrons.

1.2. An atom of an element belonging to the alkali earth metal family has a. One outer shell electron. b. Two outer shell electrons. c. Three outer shell electrons. d. Four outer shell electrons.

1.3. An atom of an element belonging to the halogen family has a. One outer shell electron. b. Two outer shell electrons. c. All outer shell electrons but one. d. Three outer shell electrons.

1.3. An atom of an element belonging to the noble gas family has a. One outer shell electron. b. Two outer shell electrons. c. All outer shell electrons. d. Three outer shell electrons.

2. What the elements of the same group have in common?

3. What the elements of the same period have in common?

4. The electron configuration of the elements, A, B, C, D, E, F and G is: A: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s2 B: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1 C: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d4 D: 1s22s22p63s1 E: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 F: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3 G: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d1

Tell the group and period they belong to:

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