Astronomy - Commack Schools
Lab Practical
Lab Practical Practice
1) Minerals & Rocks
a) Based on the minerals properties, assign each of the following minerals a letter from the diagram above (use your ESRT’s):
b) Observe the pictures of the rocks below. Classify them as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic, and write the evidence you observe that supports your answer.
2) Earthquakes
a) How many seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter? __________
b) Use the seismogram and your ESRT’s to fill in the data table below.
c) The epicenter distance you just calculated is for New Orleans. Draw a circle on the map above using a safety compass. Your circle may extend off the map.
d) Mark the epicenter of the earthquake and label it on the map above.
4) Elliptical Orbits
a) Calculate the eccentricity of the orbit above:
b) Label the Sun in the diagram with an S.
c) Place an F on the orbit where the planet would be moving the fastest and the gravity will be the greatest.
d) Look up Earths eccentricity in your ESRT’s.
Earth’s eccentricity = ____________
e) Compare Earth’s eccentricity to the eccentricity you calculated above. Which is more elliptical and why?
_________________ orbit is more elliptical because _______________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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Mineral Identification Properties
Hardness
Resistance to scratching.
Harder or softer than glass.
Streak
Color of power left on a streak plate.
Cleavage
Breaks along pairs of flat surfaces.
Non-metallic
Dull, light colors, not heavy
Metallic
May look like shiny metal or be dark and dull.
Feels heavy
Luster
How the mineral reflects light
Halite has cleavage in 3 directions at 90°
(Called cubic)
Mica has cleavage in one direction - breaks
into thin flexible sheets.
Rock Classification
METAMORPHIC
SEDIMENTARY
IGNEOUS
Earthquake Station
Draw the circle(s) using the compass.
Mark the epicenter with an X.
Determine lag Time (difference between P & S wave arrival)
Lag time = ____________________
Use P & S Wave Chart to
Determine Distance
to epicenter:
Epicenter Distance _____________
Eccentricity Station
Label the Sun in the ellipse.
Put a G on the axis where the planet will have the greatest velocity and gravity.
Calculate the Eccentricity:
Draw an ellipse using pins,
string, and cardboard.
Eccentricity = Distance between the foci
Length of the Major Axis
Note: there are NO units
The value must be between 0 and 1
Must be to nearest thousandths
0 is a perfect circle
1 is a straight line
[pic]
.
.
[pic]
Compare Eccentricities:
More elliptical means more oval with a larger eccentricity.
Less elliptical means more circular, so a smaller eccentricity.
.
[pic]
[pic]
[pic]
[pic]
Increasing Eccentricity
MINERAL NAME
LETTER IT WOULD BE ON CHART ABOVE
CHECK BOX IF IT HAS CLEAVAGE
CHECK BOX IF IT HAS A METALLIC LUSTER
CHECK BOX IF IT SCRATCHES GLASS
(HARDER THAN 5.5)
Quartz
Calcite
Pyrite
Class____________________
Evidence_________________
________________________
Class____________________
Evidence_________________
________________________
Class____________________
Evidence_________________
________________________
Class____________________
Evidence_________________
________________________
Class____________________
Evidence_________________
________________________
Class____________________
Evidence_________________
________________________
Arrival of P wave
Arrival of S wave
2:34:00 2:36:00 2:38:00 2:40:00
Lag Time
S wave arrival time
P wave arrival time
Epicenter Distance
02:39:10
29
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