CHAPTER 11 TEST- STUDY GUIDE
|CENTRAL DOGMA |
|UNIT #4 EXAM STUDY GUIDE |
|DNA/RNA/PROTEINS |
DNA (Nucleus/Nucleoid region in cytosol)
• DNA nucleotide with deoxyribose sugar
• Know carbon numbers
• Phosphate at 5’ ends/ –OH (hydroxyl) at 3’ ends
• Purine & Pyrimidine & double helix
• Covalent Phosphodiester bonds (Backbone)
• Hydrogen bond (Nitrogen Bases)
• DNA replication: know functions of enzymes
• Helicase
• DNA Polymerase
• Nuclease
• Telomeres
• Telomerase
• Antiparallel (5’ and 3’ ends)
• Template vs. Complement strands
• DNA Scientists
• Fred Griffith
• Avery, MacLeod, & MaCarty
• Hershey and Chase
• Edwin Chargaff
• Rosalind Franklin
• Maurice Wilkins
• Watson and Crick
• Replication fork/ Replication Bubble
• Polymer/ Polynucleotide
• DNA bases (DNA base pairing rules)
• Chargaff’s rules/ratios
• Gene
• Know hoe to DRAW many nucleotides ALL TOGETHER (connected together in BOTH strands of DNA)
Ex: be able to draw this and add correct bases/H bond #’s between bases
[pic]
RNA (Nucleus/Nucleoid, Cytoplasm & Ribosome)
• RNA nucleotide with ribose sugar
• RNA bases (RNA base pairing rules)
• mRNA vs. rRNA vs. tRNA (shapes, locations and jobs)
• Transcription (know location)
• RNA polymerase- what does it do?
• Codons (on mRNA)
Protein Synthesis (Translation ( occurs in RIBSOME)
• Protein/ polypeptide
• Folding of polypeptide ( 3D shape ( protein that now has a function (polypeptide does not have a function yet)
• Peptide bond
• Ribosome (binding spots for tRNA)
• Free ribosomes (all organisms)
• Bound ribosomes (on Rough ER)
• Only in eukaryotes
• Amino acids
• Genetic code (table to translate codons to amino acids)
• Codon (mRNA) vs.Anticodon (tRNA)
• tRNA vs. mRNA
• DNA( mRNA( polypeptide( protein= central dogma
• 64 codons vs. 20 amino acids
• Start vs. Stop codons
• Release factor
• Point mutation (base pair substitution)
• Missense vs. Nonsense mutation vs. Silent
• Wobble position ( wobble effect
• Frameshift mutation (more harmful)
• Insertions vs deletions
• Other mutations
• Inversions
• Deletions (2+ nucleotides)
• Mutagens
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