MUSCLES OF THE BODY
Muscles of the Body
|Area |Muscle |Origin |Insertion |Action |
|Back & shoulder |1. Trapezius |Occipital bone, ligaments of cervical |Clavicle amd spine of scapula |Stabilises scapula, and some elevation and rotation of scapula |
| | |spine and thoracic spine | | |
| |2. Deltoid |Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula |Deltoid tuberosity of humerus (midway |Anterior: draw scapula forward and inwardly rotate. Lateral: |
| | | |along) |abducts arm. Posterior: draws arm back (extends) and outwardly |
| | | | |rotates |
| |3. Rhomboid minor |C6 to C7 |Medial border of scapula |retracts and stabilises scapula |
| |4. Rhomboid major |T1 to T4 |Medical border of scapula |Retracts and stabilises scapula |
| |5. Teres minor |Lateral border of scapula |Great tuberosity of humerus |Outwardly rotates arm |
| |6. Teres major |Lower lateral border of scapula |Medial lip of bicipital groove of |Inwardly rotates and adducts arm |
| | | |humerus | |
| |7. Serratus anterior |Lateral surface of 1st to 12th ribs |Anterior surface of medial border of |Protraction of scapula and rotation |
| | | |scapula | |
| |8. Supraspinatus |Upper dorsal surface of scapula |Great tuberosity of humerus |Abducts arm |
| |9. Infraspinatus |Lower dorsal surface of scapula |Great tuberosity of humerus |Outwardly rotates arm |
| |10. Subscapularis |Anterior surface of scapula |Lesser tuberosity of humerus |Inwardly rotates arm |
| |Spinal Column |
| |The vertebral column has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion and Rotation. |
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| |[pic][pic]Shoulder Girdle |
| |The shoulder girdle has the following normal ranges of movement: Elevation, Depression, Adduction and Abduction. |
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| |Shoulder Joint |
| |The shoulder joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Medial Rotation. |
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|Upper arm |11. Biceps brachii |Long head: passes over top of joint|via a strong tendon to radial|Strong: flexor and supinator of forearm. Weak; abducts and inwardly |
| | |to supraglenoid tubercle of |tuberosity and bicipital |rotates arm (long head), Adducts arm (short head) |
| | |scapula. Short head: coracoid |aponeurosis | |
| | |process of scapula | | |
| |12. Triceps brachii |Long head:infra-glenoid tubercle |Through a flat tendon to the |Extends elbow. Long head: adducts arm |
| | |ofscapula. Medical and lateral |olecranon process of ulna | |
| | |heads:posterior surface of humerus | | |
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| |Elbow Joint |
| |The elbow joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Pronation and Supination. |
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| |Wrist Joint |
| |The wrist joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Circumduction. |
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|Anterior Torso |13. Pectoralis major |Clavicle, sternum, 1st to 6th ribs,|Lateral lip of bicipital |Horizontal adduction, adducts, flexes and inwardly rotates |
| | |abdominal aponeurosis and obliques |groove of humerus | |
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|Muscles of the |14. Psoas major and minor |T12 to L4/5 |Lesser trochanter of femur |Flexes hip, assists side-bending and inward rotation of thigh |
|Hip & Upper Leg | | | | |
| |15. Iliacus |Anterior, inferior iliac spine |Lesser trochanter of femur |Flexes hip, assists side-bending and inward rotation of thigh |
| |16. Piriformis |Anterior surface of sacrum |Great trochanter of femur |Outwardly rotates and abducts hip |
| |17. Gluteus maximus |Medial iliac crest and sacrum |ITB and gluteal tuberosity of|Extend and outwardly rotates hip |
| | | |femur | |
| |18. Gluteus medius |Upper surface of ilium |Great trochanter of femur |Anterior: flexes and inward rotation hip, Posterior: abducts and outward |
| | | | |rotation hip |
| |19. Gluteus minimus |Lower surface of ilium |Great trochanter of femur |Abducts and inwardly rotates hip |
| |20. Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL) |Anterior iliac crest |Iliotibial band |Abducts hip. Also slight flexion and inward rotation |
| |21. Iliotibial Band (IT) |Tensor fascia lata (muscle) |Below lateral tibial condyle |Stabilise lateral side of knee |
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| |22. Adductor brevis |From pubis to ischium |Full length of medial border |Adducts leg and outwardly rotates thigh. When leg is abducted, flexed or |
| | | |of femur |extended, may also inwardly rotate |
| |23. Adductor longus |From pubis to ischium |Full length of medial border |Adducts leg and outwardly rotates thigh. When leg is abducted, flexed or |
| | | |of femur |extended, may also inwardly rotate |
| |24. Adductor magnus |From pubis to ischium |Full length of medial border |Adducts leg and outwardly rotates thigh. When leg is abducted, flexed or |
| | | |of femur |extended, may also inwardly rotate |
| |25. Sartorius |Anterior, superior iliac spine |Upper, medial tibial shaft |Flexes hip and knee, outwardly rotates and abducts hip |
| | |(ASIS) | | |
| |26. Rectus femoris |Anterior, inferior iliac spine |Via patella and infapatella |Flexes hip and extends knee |
| | | |tendon to tibial tuberosity | |
| |27. Vastas lateralis |Femur |Patellar, border and patellar|Extends knee |
| | | |ligament to tibial tuberosity| |
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| |28. Vastas intermedialis |Femur |Patellar, border and patellar|Extends knee |
| | | |ligament to tibial tuberosity| |
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| |29. Vastas medialis |Femur |Patellar, border and patellar|Extends knee |
| | | |ligament to tibial tuberosity| |
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| |30. Biceps femoris |Ischial tuberosity |Lateral tibial condyle and |Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight rotation |
| | | |lateral head of fibula |when flexed |
| |31. Semimembranosus |Ischial tuberosity |Medial tibial condyle |Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight rotation |
| | | | |when flexed |
| |32. Semitendinosus |Ischial tuberosity |Medial tibial condyle |Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight rotation |
| | | | |when flexed |
| |Hip Joint |
| |The hip joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation. |
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|Muscles of the |33. Gastrocnemius |Posterior, medial and lateral |via Achilles tendon to |Plantaflexes foot and flex knee |
|lower leg and | |fermoral condyles |posterior calcaneum | |
|foot | | | | |
| |34. Soleus |Upper 2/3 of posterior tibia and |via Achilles tendon to |Plantaflexes foot |
| | |fibula |posterior calcaneum | |
| |35. Tibialis posterior |Upper half of tibia and fibula and |Plantar side of tarsals and |Plantaflexes and inverts foot |
| | |interosseous membrane |metatarsals | |
| |36. Tibialis anterior |Lateral surface of tibia |Planar surface of 1st |Dorsiflexes foot and slight supinator |
| | | |metatarsal and medial | |
| | | |cuneiform | |
| |37. Peroneus brevis |Lateral surface of fibula |Lateral, proximal aspect of |Pronates foot and assists in plantaflexion |
| | | |5th metatarsal | |
| |Knee Joint |
| |The knee joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion and Extension |
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| |Ankle Joint |
| |The ankle joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion, Inversion and Eversion. |
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