MUSCLES OF THE BODY



Muscles of the Body

|Area |Muscle |Origin |Insertion |Action |

|Back & shoulder |1. Trapezius   |Occipital bone, ligaments of cervical |Clavicle amd spine of scapula   |Stabilises scapula, and some elevation and rotation of scapula |

| | |spine and thoracic spine   | |  |

| |2. Deltoid   |Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula |Deltoid tuberosity of humerus (midway |Anterior: draw scapula forward and inwardly rotate. Lateral: |

| | |  |along)   |abducts arm. Posterior: draws arm back (extends) and outwardly |

| | | | |rotates   |

| |3. Rhomboid minor   |C6 to C7   |Medial border of scapula   |retracts and stabilises scapula   |

| |4. Rhomboid major   |T1 to T4   |Medical border of scapula   |Retracts and stabilises scapula   |

| |5. Teres minor   |Lateral border of scapula   |Great tuberosity of humerus   |Outwardly rotates arm   |

| |6. Teres major   |Lower lateral border of scapula   |Medial lip of bicipital groove of |Inwardly rotates and adducts arm   |

| | | |humerus   | |

| |7. Serratus anterior   |Lateral surface of 1st to 12th ribs   |Anterior surface of medial border of |Protraction of scapula and rotation   |

| | | |scapula   | |

| |8. Supraspinatus   |Upper dorsal surface of scapula   |Great tuberosity of humerus   |Abducts arm   |

| |9. Infraspinatus   |Lower dorsal surface of scapula   |Great tuberosity of humerus   |Outwardly rotates arm   |

| |10. Subscapularis   |Anterior surface of scapula   |Lesser tuberosity of humerus   |Inwardly rotates arm   |

| |Spinal Column |

| |The vertebral column has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion and Rotation. |

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| |[pic][pic]Shoulder Girdle |

| |The shoulder girdle has the following normal ranges of movement: Elevation, Depression, Adduction and Abduction. |

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| |Shoulder Joint |

| |The shoulder joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Medial Rotation. |

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|Upper arm |11. Biceps brachii   |Long head: passes over top of joint|via a strong tendon to radial|Strong: flexor and supinator of forearm. Weak; abducts and inwardly |

| | |to supraglenoid tubercle of |tuberosity and bicipital |rotates arm (long head), Adducts arm (short head)   |

| | |scapula. Short head: coracoid |aponeurosis   | |

| | |process of scapula   | | |

| |12. Triceps brachii   |Long head:infra-glenoid tubercle |Through a flat tendon to the |Extends elbow. Long head: adducts arm   |

| | |ofscapula. Medical and lateral |olecranon process of ulna   | |

| | |heads:posterior surface of humerus | | |

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| |Elbow Joint |

| |The elbow joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Pronation and Supination. |

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| |Wrist Joint |

| |The wrist joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction and Circumduction. |

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|Anterior Torso |13. Pectoralis major   |Clavicle, sternum, 1st to 6th ribs,|Lateral lip of bicipital |Horizontal adduction, adducts, flexes and inwardly rotates   |

| | |abdominal aponeurosis and obliques |groove of humerus   | |

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|Muscles of the |14. Psoas major and minor   |T12 to L4/5   |Lesser trochanter of femur   |Flexes hip, assists side-bending and inward rotation of thigh   |

|Hip & Upper Leg | | | | |

| |15. Iliacus   |Anterior, inferior iliac spine   |Lesser trochanter of femur   |Flexes hip, assists side-bending and inward rotation of thigh   |

| |16. Piriformis   |Anterior surface of sacrum   |Great trochanter of femur   |Outwardly rotates and abducts hip   |

| |17. Gluteus maximus   |Medial iliac crest and sacrum   |ITB and gluteal tuberosity of|Extend and outwardly rotates hip   |

| | | |femur   | |

| |18. Gluteus medius   |Upper surface of ilium   |Great trochanter of femur   |Anterior: flexes and inward rotation hip, Posterior: abducts and outward |

| | | | |rotation hip   |

| |19. Gluteus minimus   |Lower surface of ilium   |Great trochanter of femur   |Abducts and inwardly rotates hip   |

| |20. Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL)   |Anterior iliac crest   |Iliotibial band   |Abducts hip. Also slight flexion and inward rotation   |

| |21. Iliotibial Band (IT)   |Tensor fascia lata (muscle)   |Below lateral tibial condyle |Stabilise lateral side of knee   |

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| |22. Adductor brevis   |From pubis to ischium   |Full length of medial border |Adducts leg and outwardly rotates thigh. When leg is abducted, flexed or |

| | | |of femur   |extended, may also inwardly rotate   |

| |23. Adductor longus   |From pubis to ischium   |Full length of medial border |Adducts leg and outwardly rotates thigh. When leg is abducted, flexed or |

| | | |of femur   |extended, may also inwardly rotate   |

| |24. Adductor magnus   |From pubis to ischium   |Full length of medial border |Adducts leg and outwardly rotates thigh. When leg is abducted, flexed or |

| | | |of femur   |extended, may also inwardly rotate   |

| |25. Sartorius   |Anterior, superior iliac spine |Upper, medial tibial shaft   |Flexes hip and knee, outwardly rotates and abducts hip   |

| | |(ASIS)   | | |

| |26. Rectus femoris   |Anterior, inferior iliac spine   |Via patella and infapatella |Flexes hip and extends knee   |

| | | |tendon to tibial tuberosity  | |

| |27. Vastas lateralis   |Femur   |Patellar, border and patellar|Extends knee   |

| | | |ligament to tibial tuberosity| |

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| |28. Vastas intermedialis   |Femur   |Patellar, border and patellar|Extends knee   |

| | | |ligament to tibial tuberosity| |

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| |29. Vastas medialis   |Femur   |Patellar, border and patellar|Extends knee   |

| | | |ligament to tibial tuberosity| |

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| |30. Biceps femoris   |Ischial tuberosity   |Lateral tibial condyle and |Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight rotation |

| | | |lateral head of fibula   |when flexed   |

| |31. Semimembranosus   |Ischial tuberosity   |Medial tibial condyle   |Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight rotation |

| | | | |when flexed   |

| |32. Semitendinosus   |Ischial tuberosity   |Medial tibial condyle   |Flex knee, extend hip, stabilise knee when extended and slight rotation |

| | | | |when flexed   |

| |Hip Joint |

| |The hip joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion, Extension, Adduction, Abduction, Medial Rotation and Lateral Rotation. |

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|Muscles of the |33. Gastrocnemius   |Posterior, medial and lateral |via Achilles tendon to |Plantaflexes foot and flex knee   |

|lower leg and | |fermoral condyles   |posterior calcaneum   | |

|foot | | | | |

| |34. Soleus   |Upper 2/3 of posterior tibia and |via Achilles tendon to |Plantaflexes foot   |

| | |fibula   |posterior calcaneum   | |

| |35. Tibialis posterior   |Upper half of tibia and fibula and |Plantar side of tarsals and |Plantaflexes and inverts foot   |

| | |interosseous membrane   |metatarsals   | |

| |36. Tibialis anterior   |Lateral surface of tibia   |Planar surface of 1st |Dorsiflexes foot and slight supinator   |

| | | |metatarsal and medial | |

| | | |cuneiform   | |

| |37. Peroneus brevis   |Lateral surface of fibula   |Lateral, proximal aspect of |Pronates foot and assists in plantaflexion   |

| | | |5th metatarsal   | |

| |Knee Joint |

| |The knee joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Flexion and Extension |

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| |Ankle Joint |

| |The ankle joint has the following normal ranges of movement: Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion, Inversion and Eversion. |

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