International System of Units (SI units)

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International System of Units (SI units)

SI units

Structure of SI and JIS Z 8203

The International System of Units, or SI, comprises seven base units, prefixes to represent integer powers of 10 in the range from 1018 to -10-18, supplementary units of radians and steradians, and twenty-seven derived units defined according to the resolution by the International Committee of Weights and Measures. It is often abbreviated as SI from its French expression "Systeme International d'Unites". Its use in ISO standards started in 1971. In Japan, the Conference on Standardization of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee decided in 1972 to introduce the SI units to JIS in a stepwise manner. And in 1974, JIS Z 8203 International System of Units (SI) (established based on ISO1000) and the guide for its use were enacted and promulgated, and their dissemination is in progress.

Appendix table 1 SI base units

Quantity length mass time current

Name meter kilogram second ampere

Symbol m kg s A

Quantity

Name

thermodynamic temperature kelvin

luminous intensity candela

amount of substance mole

Symbol K cd mol

Appendix table 2

Quantity Plane related angle

solid angle

SI supplementary units

Name

Symbol

radian

rad

steradian

sr

Base

units

(seven)

JIS Z 8203

SI

SI Unit

Supplementary units (two)

Derived

units

Derived units (eighteen)

Other

derived

with special units

names

Prefixes (sixteen) and integer powers of 10 of SI units

Important

units

outside

SI

-

Usable

in

parallel

with

SI

units

Appendix table 4 Example of SI derived units that are expressed with special names

Quantity viscosity moment of force surface tension heat flux density, irradiation heat capacity, entropy specific heat capacity, specific entropy * thermal conductivity permittivity permeability

Name pascal second newton meter newton per meter

watt per square meter

joule per kelvin

joule per kilogram kelvin

watt per meter kelvin farad per meter henry per meter

Symbol Pa?s N?m N/m

W/m2

J/K

J/(kg?K)

W/(m?K) F/m H/m

* It is also referred to as mass entropy.

Table 5 SI prefixes

Appendix table 3 SI derived units with special names

Quantity

Name

frequency

hertz

force

newton

pressure, stress

pascal

energy, work, heat

joule

power, radiant flux

watt

quantity of electricity, electric charge

coulomb

voltage, electrical potential

volt

electrical capacitance

farad

electrical resistance

ohm

conductance

siemens

magnetic flux

weber

magnetic flux density

tesla

inductance

henry

celsius' temperature scale degree Celsius *

luminous flux

lumen

illuminance

lux

radioactivity

becquerel

absorbed dose

gray

Symbol Hz N Pa J W

C

V F S Wb T H ?C lm lx Bq Gy

Definition s -1 m?kg?s-2 N/m2 N?m J/s

A?s

W/A C/V V/A A/V V?s Wb/m2 Wb/A t?C = (t + 273.15) K cd?sr

1

Multiplication 1018 1015 1012 109 106 103 102 101

Prefix exa peta tera giga mega kilo hecto deca

Symbol E P T G M k h da

Multiplication 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 10 -15 10 -18

Prefix deci centi milli micro nano pico femto atto

Symbol d c m n p f a

Multiplications of 106 (M: mega) and larger are expressed with capital letters.

Appendix table 6 Units used in parallel with SI units

Name minute

hour day degree minute second liter ton

Symbol min h d ? ' " L t

Value in SI units 1 min = 60 s 1 h = 60 min = 3,600 s 1 d = 24 h = 86,400 s 1? = (/180) rad 1' = (1/60)" = (/10,800) rad 1" = (1/60)' = (/648,000) rad 1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3 1 t = 103 kg

Appendix table 7.1 Conversion table from conventional gravitation units to SI units

Quantity angle

length area volume

Unit name

degree minute second

meter micron angstrom

square meter are

cubic meter liter

Symbol

? ' "

m m ?

m2 a

m3 L

Conversion factor

/180 /10800 /648000

1 10 -6 10 -10

1 102

1 10 -3

SI unit name radian

meter square meter cubic meter

T

Symbol rad

m m2 m3

T-17

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International System of Units (SI units)

Appendix table 7.2 Conversion table from conventional gravitation units to SI units

Quantity

Unit name

Symbol

Conversion factor

angle length area volume mass

time

degree minute second

meter micron angstrom

square meter are

cubic meter liter

kilogram ton atomic mass unit

second minute hour day

?

/180

'

/10800

"

/648000

m

1

10 -6

?

10 -10

m2

1

a

102

m3

1

l, L

10-3

kg

1

t

103

u

1.6606 ? 10-27

s

1

min

60

h

3600

d

86400

speed, velocity

meter per second

m/s

1

frequency

cycle

s -1

1

rotational speed

times per minute

min-1

1/60

angular velocity acceleration force

moment of force stress

pressure

energy

work rate and power viscosity and viscosity

coefficient dynamic viscosity and

dynamic viscosity coefficient temperature

radian per second

meter per second squared g weight kilogram weight ton dyne

weight kilogram meter

weight kilogram per square meter weight kilogram per square centimeter weight kilogram per square millimeter weight kilogram per square meter meter of water millimeter mercury column bar erg International Steam Table calorie weight kilogram meter kilowatt hour metric horse power hour watt metric horse power kilocalorie per hour poise centipoise weight kilogram second per square meter

stokes centistokes

degree

rad/s

m/s2 G kgf tf dyn

kgf?m

kgf/m2 kgf/cm2 kgf/mm2 kgf/m2 mH2O mmHg

bar erg calIT kgf?m kW?h PS?h W PS kcal/h P cP kgf?s/m2

St mm2/S, cSt

?C

1

1 9.8067 9.8067 9806.7 10 -5

9.8067

9.8067 9.8067 ? 104 9.8067 ? 106 9.8067 9806.7 101325/760 105 10 -7 4.1868 9.8067 3.600 ? 106 2.6478 ? 106 1 735.5 1.163 10 -1 10 -3 9.8067

10 -4 10 -6

+273.15

magnetic flux

magnetic flux density

magnetic field strength quantity of electricity

electrical potential difference

electrical capacitance

maxwell gamma gauss oersted coulomb

volt

farad

MX

10 -8

10 -9

GS

10 -4

Oe

103/4

C

1

V

1

F

1

electrical resistance

ohm

1

conductance

siemens

S

1

inductance

henry

H

1

current

ampere

A

1

SI unit name radian

meter square meter cubic meter kilogram

second

meter per second hertz revolutions per second radian per second meter per second squared newton newton meter pascal

pascal

joule

watt

pascal second square meter per second kelvin weber tesla ampere per meter coulomb volt farad ohm siemens henry ampere

Symbol rad

m m2 m3 kg

s

m/s Hz s -1 rad/s m/s2 N N?m Pa

Pa

J

W

Pa?s

m2/s K Wb T

A/m C V F S H A

T-18

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Appendix table 8 Comparison table between SI and CGS/system of gravitational units

Representative quantity

length mass time gravity (force) acceleration pressure (stress) energy work rate density viscosity temperature

SI units

m kg s N m/s2 Pa J W kg/m3 Pa?s K

Absolute system of units

m - kg

ft - lb

m

ft

kg

lb

s

s

kg?m/s2

lb?ft/s2

m/s2

ft/s2

kg/m?s2

lb/ft?s2

kg?m2/s2

lb?ft2/s2

kg?m2/s3

lb?ft2/s3

kg/m3

lb/ft3

kg/m?s

lb/ft?s

?C

?C

Gravity unit system

m - kgf

ft - lbf

m

ft

kgf?s2/m

lbf?s2/ft

s

s

kgf

lbf

kgf/s2

lbf/s2

kgf/m2

lbf/ft2

kgf?m

lbf/ft

kgf?m/s

lbf?ft/s

kgf?s2/m4

lbf?s2/ft4

kgf?s/m2

lbf?s/ft2

?C

?C

Note: 1 N = 105 g?cm/s2, 1 Pa = IN/m2, 1J = 1 N?m, 1 W = 1 N?m/s 1 dyn = 1 g?cm/s2, 1 Poundal = 1 lb?ft/s2, 1 slug = 1 lb?s2/ft 1 Poise = 1 g/cm?s

TECHNICAL SERVICE DATA

T

T-19

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International System of Units (SI units)

Conversion tables for frequently used units to SI units

Force N

newton

1 1 ? 10-5 9.806 65

dyn

1 ? 105 1

9.806 65 ? 105

kgf

1.019 72 ? 10-1 1.019 72 ? 10-6

1

Pressure

Pa

bar

kgf/cm2

atm

mmH2O

mmHg or Torr

1 1 ? 105 9.806 65 ? 104 1.013 25 ? 105 9.806 65 1.333 22 ? 102

1 ? 10-5 1 9.806 65 ? 10-1 1.013 25 9.806 65 ? 10-5 1.333 22 ? 10-3

1.019 72 ? 10-5 1.019 72

1 1.033 23

1 ? 10-4 1.359 51 ? 10-3

9.869 23 ? 10-6 1.019 72 ? 10-1 7.500 62 ? 10-3

9.869 23 ? 10-1 1.019 72 ? 104 7.500 62 ? 102

9.678 41 ? 10-1

1 ? 104 7.355 59 ? 102

1

1.033 23 ? 104 7.600 00 ? 102

9.678 41 ? 10-5

1

7.355 59 ? 10-2

1.315 79 ? 10-3 1.359 51 ? 10

1

Note: 1 Pa = 1 N/m2

Stress Pa

MPa or N/mm2

kgf/mm2

kgf/cm2

1 1 ? 106 9.806 65 ? 106 9.806 65 ? 104

1 ? 10-6 1

9.806 65 9.806 65 ? 10-2

1.019 72 ? 10-7 1.019 72 ? 10-1

1 1 ? 10-2

1.019 72 ? 10-5 1.019 72 ? 10

1 ? 102 1

Work, Energy, Heat J

kW?h

1 3.600 ? 106 9.806 65 4.186 05 ? 103

2.777 78 ? 10-7 1

2.724 07 ? 10-6 1.162 79 ? 10-3

Note: 1 J = 1 W?s, 1 W?h3 600 W?s 1 cal = 4.186 05 J

Power kW

kgf?m/s

1 9.806 65 ? 10-3 7.355 ? 10-1 1.162 79 ? 10-3

1.019 72 ? 102

1

7.5

? 10

1.185 72 ? 10-1

Note: 1 W = 1 J/s, PS: metric horsepower 1 PS = 0.735 5 kW 1 cal = 4.186 05 J

kgf?m

1.019 72 ? 10-1 3.670 98 ? 105

1 4.268 58 ? 102

PS

1.359 62 1.333 33 ? 10-2

1 1.580 95 ? 10-3

kcal

2.388 89 ? 10-4 8.600 0 ? 102 2.342 70 ? 10-3

1

kcal/h

8.600 0 ? 102 8.433 71 6.325 29 ? 102

1

Temperature

T1 = T2 + 273.15 T3 = 1 . 8T2 + 32

T1: thermodynamic temperature K (kelvin) T2: Celsius` temperature scale ?C (degree Celsius) T3: ?F

T-20

Moment of force N?m

newton meter

1 9.807

Note: 1 N?m = 1 kg?m2/S2

kgf?m

0.102 0 1

Viscosity

Pa?s pascal second

cP

P (poise)

1 1 ? 10-3 1 ? 10-1

1 ? 103 1

1 ? 102

1 ? 10 1 ? 10-2

1

Note: 1 P = 1 dyn?s/cm2 = 1 g/cm?s 1 Pa?s = 1 N?s/m2, 1 cP = 1 mPa?s

Dynamic viscosity

m2/S

mm2/S

St

1 1 ? 10-6 1 ? 10-4

1 ? 106 1

1 ? 102

Note: 1 St = 1 cm2/s

Thermal conductivity

1 ? 104 1 ? 10-2

1

W/(m?K)

kcal/(h?m??C)

1 1.162 79 Note: 1 cal = 4.186 05 J

8.600 0 ? 10-1 1

Heat transfer coefficient

W/(m2?K)

kcal/(h?m2??C)

1 1.162 79

Note: 1 cal = 4.186 05 J

8.600 0 ? 10-1 1

Specific heat capacity

J/(kg?K)

kcal/(kg??C) cal/(g??C)

1 4.186 05 ? 103

Note: 1 cal = 4.186 05 J

2.388 89 ? 10-4 1

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