Ms. Arndt's Class
_________________________________ Africa___________________________What belief did European nations have about empires?Why did European nations want to spread ChristianityWhat are the positive impacts of imperialisms in Africa?Explain the different conflicts that came about with imperialism in Africa? (Cape Frontier War, Suez Canal, Zulu Tribe)Describe the Scramble for Africa?What does the map tell us about European influence in Africa?How did European view Imperialisms in Africa?_________________________________ Asia___________________________What countries wanted control of India and what resources did they want access to? What was the role of the East British India Company?What did the British encounter through imperialism in Asia? Explain the different conflicts that came about with imperialism in Asia? (Frist Opium War, Second Opium War, Treaty on Nanking)Describe the role of the Sepoys had on imperialism in Asia.Explain the impact Meiji Restoration had on imperialism in Asia.What role did America have on Imperialism in Asia?_________________________________ Latin America_______________________________What is the Monroe Doctrine? Explain the different conflicts that came about with imperialism in Latin America? (Spanish-American War)What is the dollar diplomacy? Based on what you’ve read what country had the most influence on imperialism? ________________________________ AfricaThroughout the 1800s, European countries created great empires by expanding their territorial claims in Africa. This desire for a large empire was largely motivated by the belief that a large empire was needed in order to be politically powerful. European countries were easily able to conquer areas in Africa due to advanced technology, such as superior weapons, and transportation technology such as the steamboat. The steamboat in particular allowed Europeans to explore areas on the interior of the African continent.European technology and innovation was also responsible for bringing positive changes to the African continent in the form of better medical care. For example, Europeans found ways to treat tropical diseases such as malaria. As Europeans began using quinine to treat malaria, they were able to maintain their health. This was one of the factors that contributed to the successful conquest of Africa by the Europeans.In general, Europeans justified their expansion into Africa and other areas with the belief that they were bringing their own superior civilization to the lands they conquered. For this reason, one important aspect of European imperialism was the spread of Christianity.From 1779-1878, the Cape Frontier Wars were fought between the Dutch and British colonists and South African Xhosa tribes. Dutch settlers and the Xhosa began fighting because the Dutch were taking tribal land and stealing cattle. In the early 1800s, the British joined the Dutch in fighting the Xhosa. By the 1850s, Europeans had gained enough power to start their own white settlement known as Cape Colony. The wars continued until the 1870s when the Europeans gained the final victory.In 1830, France invaded Algeria. Later it gained control of Tunisia, Morocco, much of West Africa, French Somaliland, and Madagascar.In 1875, Egypt sold its shares of the Suez Canal to Great Britain in order to pay off debts. The British gained complete control of the canal in the 1880s, and they were able to control an important trade route between Europe and Asia. Great Britain was particularly interested in the canal because it shortened travel time to India which was a British colony at the time.In the 1800s, Great Britain wanted to colonize southern parts of the African continent. The Zulu empire already controlled the land in this area, however, and fought in a war to oppose the colonization. The Zulus were defeated by the British in 1879.The time period between 1880 and 1914 is referred to as the Scramble for Africa, in which European countries competed to claim more African territory in an attempt to keep other countries from gaining too much power. In 1884, 14 nations met in Berlin, Germany, to divide the entire continent among the European powers. Within the next several decades, European countries were in control of most of Africa.King Leopold II of Belgium personally owned an area known as the Congo. He turned over control in 1908 to the Belgian government. The area became known as the Belgian Congo.In 1910, the Union of South Africa was composed of Transvaal, the Orange Free State, Cape Colony, and Natal. The white British and Dutch people in the area denied rights to the blacks in South Africa. They were denied the right to vote and faced discrimination.The European countries justified their imperialist policies by saying that it was good to bring civilization to the savage races. This world view is "ethnocentric," meaning that the Europeans viewed the world only through the eyes of their own culture.Looking at a map of colonized Africa, the borders seem to be drawn at random. This is because they were arbitrary borders created by the colonization of many different countries. By 1914, the only two independent countries left were Ethiopia and Liberia.7837214879500AsiaIn the 18th century, France and Britain fought for control of India. They both wanted access to India's resources like sugar, salt, and tea. The British East India Company took control of India for Britain in the early 1800s. The Company worked like a government, planning defense, providing services, and signing treaties with local rulers. The establishment of new colonies and the increase in trading opportunities with East Asia allowed Europeans to come into contact with many new cultural traditions, including religion. For example, though Buddhism is one of the world's oldest religions, many Europeans did not come into contact with it until the age of imperialism. From 1839-1842, the First Opium War was fought between Britain and China over trade rights. Britain wanted China's tea and silk, but the only thing China would trade for was opium, an addictive drug. The drug began to damage Chinese society, so the Qing banned the opium trade. Britain got upset and invaded the country. It defeated the Chinese with its powerful military. The Treaty of Nanking officially ended the war, and was one of several unequal treaties forced on Asian nations during the 1800s. As a part of the treaty, China surrendered Hong Kong and gave Britain greater trading privileges in China.The Second Opium War started in 1856 when Britain felt that China was interfering with its smuggling operation. The war ended in 1860 with another treaty that gave Britain even more trading privileges and legalized the opium trade, which benefited Britain and gave it access to China's resources.The Sepoys were soldiers of the Bengal Army in India who began a rebellion against the East India Company on May 10, 1857. The Sepoy Rebellion is also known as India's First War of Independence because it is thought to be the beginning of the independence movement in India. The rebellion began after new rifles were introduced to the Sepoys. In order to load the rifle, the Sepoys needed to bite the cartridge open. It was a common belief that the cartridges were greased with pork and beef fat. Pork is regarded unclean by Muslims, and cow is considered a sacred animal for Hindus. The Sepoys were angry because they thought their religious beliefs were being violated. The Sepoy Rebellion was not successful, but it inspired many revolts that finally led to India's independence.As a result of self-imposed isolation, countries like Japan and China did not modernize as early as the countries of the West. In 1867, due to a growing belief that Japan must modernize and industrialize in order to compete with other world powers, the Japanese government reformed itself. This event was known as the Meiji Restoration, and marked a time of increased industrialization and modernization. Japan wanted to own more land, so it fought China for control of Korea and Taiwan. It then defeated Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905.Almost immediately after forming the federation called French Indochina (modern-day Vietnam and Cambodia), the nationalists in the region began to fight with the French over self-government and civil rights. The French kept control until after World War II.Following the Spanish-American War of 1898, the United States was ceded control of the Philippines by Spain. The people of the Philippines wanted independence, however, and fought against American control. The Philippine-American War was fought 1899 to 1902 and independence was denied to the Philippines due to an American victory. The Philippines did not gain its independence until 1946.In the 19th and 20th centuries, China found itself fighting off Europeans and the Japanese who all wanted control of China's precious resources. In 1900, a group known as the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, nicknamed the Boxers, gained the support of Empress Dowager Cixi, who declared war on the various foreign powers occupying the country. The resulting uprising, known as the Boxer Rebellion, was quickly put down by the allied forces of many Western European powers and Imperial Japan.right1925100Latin AmericaIn 1823, President James Monroe outlined his foreign policy in a speech given to Congress. This policy became known as the Monroe Doctrine. It stated European countries would no longer be allowed to create new colonies or to interfere with the affairs of independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. The United States was willing to fight to prevent new colonies from falling into European control. This doctrine was used as justification for U.S. involvement in the affairs of various countries in Latin America.In 1898, the Spanish-American War began when the United States declared war on Spain. The U.S. wanted to protect its business interests in Cuba, and it wanted to help Cuba gain independence from Spain.110690596192500President Taft's foreign policy was known as "dollar diplomacy." Taft believed that the U.S. should use its financial strength, not its military power, to influence other countries. He encouraged Americans to invest money in foreign markets, particularly in Latin America and Asia. ................
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