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4-6 Inheritance – Biology1.0Figure 1 shows a cell from the small intestine.Figure 11.1Which part of the cell contains chromosomes?Choose one part from the list.[1 mark]Cell membraneCytoplasmNucleusMitochondria1.2Chromosomes contain many genes. Genes have different forms.What is the name given to different forms of a gene?............................................[1 mark1.3Eye colour is controlled by genes.In a genetic diagram:?B = brown?b = blueThe genotype of one individual is bb.Which words can be used to describe the genotype of this person?Choose two words from the list.[2 marks]DominantHeterozygousHomozygousRecessivePhenotype1.4Tobacco plants have 48 chromosomes.State how many chromosomes do tobacco plant pollen cells have.[1 mark]_______________________________________________________________2.0Mitosis and meiosis are types of cell division.2.1For each feature in the table, tick () one box to show if the feature occurs:?only in mitosis?only in meiosis.[2 marks]FeatureOnly inmitosis()Only inmeiosis ()Produces new cells during growth and repair??Produces gametes (sex cells)??Produces genetically identical cells??2.2Name the organ that produces gametes (sex cells) in:[2 marks]A man ____________________A woman __________________2.3X and Y chromosomes are the sex chromosomes. They determine a person’s sex.What sex chromosomes will be found in the body cells of a woman?[1 mark]_______________________________________________________________2.4A man and a woman decide to have a child.What is the chance that the child will be a boy? [1 mark]_______________________________________________________________3.0CRAM is an inherited condition which causes muscle breakdown.The breakdown products enter the urine, making it dark-colouredFigure 2 shows the inheritance of CRAM in one family.Figure 2CRAM is caused by a recessive allele, n.The allele for normal health is N.3.1Give evidence from the diagram that CRAM is caused by a recessive allele.[1 mark]_______________________________________________________________3.2None of person 2’s children have CRAM.Explain why.[2 marks]______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.3Persons 7 and 8 want to have another child.What is the probability that this child will have CRAM?Complete the Punnett square diagram in Figure 3 to explain your answer.[4 marks]Figure 3Person 7Person 8Probability = _______________4.0In recent years, more crops grown in the world are genetically modified (GM) crops4.1Give two reasons why some crops are genetically modified.[2 marks]______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.2Give one reason why some scientists are concerned about GM crops.[1 mark]_______________________________________________________________5.Many strains of bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics.Table 1 shows the number of people infected with a resistant strain of one species of bacterium in the UK.Table 1Year20042005200620072008Number of people infectedwith the resistant strain349935533767380941315.1Calculate the percentage increase in the number of people infected with the resistant strain between 2004 and 2008.[2 marks]Percentage increase = _____________ %5.2Explain, in terms of natural selection, why the number of people infected with the resistant strain of the bacterium is increasing.[3 marks]_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.0Asexual and sexual reproduction are two different processes.Figure 4 shows a komodo dragon, which can reproduce both sexually and asexually..Figure 46.1There are advantages of both asexual and sexual pare the advantages of asexual reproduction with the advantages of sexual reproduction in animals like komodo dragons.[4 marks]__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.In 2012 scientists cloned a wild coyote using skin cells.Figure 5 show the cloning process.Figure 57.1What type of cell is cell A?Choose one word from the list.[1 mark]Egg cellEmbryo cellSkin cellSperm cell7.2Part B is removed from cell A.What part of the cell is part B?Choose one word from the list.[1 mark]Cell membraneCytoplasmNucleusRibosomes7.3Explain why part B is removed from cell A.[1 mark]_______________________________________________________________7.4 After cell C is formed, it divides into embryo cells.What is done to cell C to make it divide?Choose one phrase from the list.[1 mark]Cell C is…Treated with enzymesAdded to otheregg cellsMixed withsperm cellsGiven anelectric shockImage acknowledgementsKomodo dragonBy Dezidor - Own work, CC BY 3.0, CoyoteBy Yathin S Krishnappa - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, derivative work: Djmirko (talk)YellowLabradorLooking.jpg: User:Habj - YellowLabradorLooking.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, MARK SCHEMEQu No.Extra InformationMarks1.1Nucleus11.2Allelesignore ref to homozygous / heterozygous11.3homozygousrecessive111.4241Qu No.Extra InformationMarks2.1?FeatureMitosis onlyMeiosis only?Produces new cells during growth and repair???Produces gametes (sex cells)???Produces genetically identical cells??all three correct = 2 marks2 correct = 1 mark0 or 1 correct = 0 marks22.2(a man) testes / testis(a woman) ovary / ovariesaccept testicledo not accept ‘ova’ / ovule112.3XX12.4? / 0.5 / 50% / 1:1 / 1 in 2do not accept 1:2 / 50/50allow 50:50allow 2 in 41Qu No.Extra InformationMarks3.1unaffected parents have anaffected childallow 7 and 8 have 10allow skips a generation13.2(all) inherit N / normal /dominant allele from 1 / fromfatherignore they are carriers13.3gametes correct or parentalgenotypes correct:N and n + N and n or Nn + Nnderivation of offspring genotypes: NN + Nn + Nn + nnnn identified as CRAMcorrect probability: 0.25accept alternativesymbols, if definedallow alternative if corrector parental gametesaccept ? / 25% / 1 in 4 / 1out of 4 / 1:3do not accept 3:1 / 1:41111Qu No.Extra InformationMarks4.1(so plants are) resistant to attack or resistant to herbicidesincrease yieldallow frost resistance114.2any one from,?possible effect on wild flowers ?possible effect on insects?possible effect on human health1Qu No.Extra InformationMarks5.118.06 / 18 / 18.1correct answer gains 2 marksallow 1 mark for,?(4131 – 3499) ÷ 3499 × 100?632 ÷ 3499 × 100?((4131 ÷ 3499) × 100 ) – 100?0.1825.2antibiotics kill non-resistantstrain or resistant strainbacteria surviveresistant strain bacteria reproduce or resistant strain bacteria pass on genespopulation of resistant strain increases or proportion ofresistant bacteria increasesorpeople more likely to beinfected by resistant strain(than non-resistant strain)accept resistant strain is the successful competitordo not accept intentional adaptationignore strongest / fittest surviveignore mutationignore people do not finish antibiotic courseallow high numbers of resistant bacteria111Qu No.Extra InformationMarks6.1Level 2:Clear and accurate account of the advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction for the Komodo dragon. The account is clear and logical3-4Level 1:Relevant statements are made about the advantages of sexual or asexual reproduction. The statements may not be related to the Komodo dragon and the account may not be logical1-2No relevant content0Indicative contentAdvantages of asexual reproduction for the komodo dragon?Komodo dragon can have offspring when no male dragon is available?The Komodo dragon does not need to expend energy searching for a mate?Producing an offspring is quicker than waiting to reproduce sexuallyAdvantages of sexual reproduction for the komodo dragon?The offspring of the komodo dragon will show variation?(and therefore) not as susceptible to genetic disorders?if the environment changes the komodo dragon will possibly be more able to adaptQu No.Extra InformationMarks7.1Egg cell17.2Nucleus17.3because this contains the dog genes / chromosomes17.4Electric shockaccept genetic information / DNA / alleles1 ................
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