Mini Mendeleev Activity



Name: Date:

Periodic Table Lab

Purpose: Students will 1) demonstrate an understanding of periodicity; and 2) graph the atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and density of various atoms to determine any trends in these values.

Pre Lab Question: 1. Use your notes or a textbook to define the following: atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.

Procedures:

Period Trends

1. Using the websites provided to determine the atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, and state of the following elements: Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, and Ne. Be sure to use the same units for atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, and density. Record these values in Data Table 1 (make sure you include units in your data table).

a. Dynamic Periodic Table -

b. The Periodic Table, Royal Society of Chemistry -

c. The Photographic Periodic Table of the Elements -

d. Periodic Table of the Elements, Los Alamos National Lab -

e. Chemistry education Digital Library -

Groups Trends

2. Repeat step 1 to complete Data Table 2.

Graphing the Trends

3. Using Excel, construct eight large (at least ½ a page per graph) graphs using the following guidelines:

Graph 1: Graph a line graph of the Atomic Radii VS Atomic Number of the elements in Period 2. Place atomic number on the x-axis and atomic radius (in picometers) on the y-axis.

Graph 2: Graph a line graph of the (First) Ionization Energy VS Atomic Number of the elements in Period 2. Place the atomic number on the x-axis and ionization energy (in kJ/mol) on the y-axis.

Graph 3: Graph a line graph of the Electronegativity VS Atomic Number of the elements in Period 2. Place the atomic number on the x-axis and electronegativity on the y-axis.

Graph 4: Graph a line graph of the Density VS Atomic Number of the elements in Period 2. Place the atomic number on the x-axis and density (in g/cm3) on the y-axis.

Graphs 5-8: Follow the same guidelines as graphs 1-4, but use the elements in Group 2 (listed in Data Table 2).

Data:

Data Table 1: |Period |Trends | | | | | | |Name of Element |Period Number |Atomic Number |Atomic Radius |Ionization Energy |Electroneg-ativity |Density |State (solid, liquid, or gas) | |Lithium | | | | | | | | |Beryllium | | | | | | | | |Boron | | | | | | | | |Carbon | | | | | | | | |Nitrogen | | | | | | | | |Oxygen | | | | | | | | |Fluorine | | | | | | | | |Neon | | | | | | | | |

Data Table 2: |Group |Trends | | | | | | |Name of Element |Group Number |Atomic Number |Atomic Radius |Ionization Energy |Electroneg-ativity |Density |State (solid, liquid, or gas) | |Beryllium | | | | | | | | |Magnesium | | | | | | | | |Calcium | | | | | | | | |Strontium | | | | | | | | |Barium | | | | | | | | |Radium | | | | | | | | |

Conclusion Questions:

1. Based on your Data Tables and the graphs complete the following with either “increases” or “decreases.”

Overall, what is the trend for following values within a period:

The atomic radius __________________ as you move across the periodic table from left to right.

The ionization energy __________________as you move across the periodic table from left to right.

The electronegativity _________________as you move across the periodic table from left to right.

The density of SOLIDS __________________as you move across the periodic table from left to right.

2. Based on your Data Tables and the graphs complete the following with either “increases” or “decreases.”

Overall, what is the trend for following values within a group:

The atomic radius __________________ as you move down a group from top to bottom.

The ionization energy __________________ as you move down a group from top to bottom.

The electronegativity _________________ as you move down a group from top to bottom.

The density of SOLIDS __________________ as you move down a group from top to bottom.

3. Based on its position in the periodic table, which atom is larger: magnesium or sulfur?

4. Based on its position in the periodic table, which has higher ionization energy: nitrogen or phosphorus?

5. Based on its position in the periodic table, which has a greater electronegativity: sodium or cesium?

6. Based on its position in the periodic table, which has the lower density: potassium or nickel?

7. Using your graph for Density vs Atomic Number, try to predict what the density would be for an element with atomic number 40.

8. Calculate the percent error for problem 7 if the accepted density for atomic number 40 is 6.52 g/cm3. % Error = Accepted – Experimental X 100

Accepted

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