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Psychology Unit 8 TestChoose the best answer. (2 pts each).Id is to “Just do it” as superego is to“Wait till later.”“Do your own thing.”“Don’t do it.”“Oh, sit on it.”The unconscious containsmaterial that can easily be brought to awareness.everything we are aware of at a given moment.repressed memories and emotions.thoughts, perceptions, and memories.The concept of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that arebiologically determined.relatively permanent and enduring.situation specific.shared by a group.The five-factor model of personality includessocial interactionism.neuroticism.agreeableness.sense of humor.A personality theory is a(n)category used to describe personality.interrelated system of concepts to explain personality.relatively permanent set of behavior patterns.subjective evaluation of a person.Which of the following is an unconscious personality structure made up of biological urges seeking fulfillment?egoidsuperegosubconsciousCriticisms of Freud’s developmental theory have centered onthe over-emphasis on sexuality in personality development.Freud’s treatment of father-daughter relationship.the need for a stern or threatening mother in the development of conscience.the unimportance of the first years of life in the formation of personality.Freud believed that personality was typified bya delicate balance of power among the three personality structures.a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the healthy individual.a lack of struggle among the three personality structures in the unhealthy individual.a state of struggle among the three personality structures in which the id gets caught in the middle.To understand personality, trait theorists attempt tocreate traits that fit people.increase the number of basic traits that have been identified.classify traits and discover how they are related to behavior.reduce the common traits to measures of temperament.According to Freud, the id is governed by thepleasure principle.reality principle.ego ideal.creature comfort principle.Learning theoristshave removed the “person” from personality.emphasize situational determinants of behavior.stress the role of the unconscious.would view a trait as stable in all situations.In the Freudian view of personality, which system is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts?idegosuperegolibido_____________ theory maximized and __________________ theory minimized the role of the unconscious.Trait; humanisticPsychoanalytic; behavioristPsychoanalytic; humanistTrait; behavioristAccording to Freud, the ego is governed by thepleasure principle.reality principle.ego ideal.partial ego principle.The five-factor model of personality includessocial interactionism.conscientiousness.sense of humor.neuroticism.An adjective checklist would most likely be used by apsychodynamic therapist.behaviorist.humanistic therapist.trait theorist.Psychologists who believe that people grow and develop throughout their lives and that people are inherently good arepsychoanalysts.radical behaviorists.social learning theorists.humanists.A psychiatrist who explains pathological behavior as a conflict between underlying psychological forces is using the _______________ model.psychoanalyticbehavioralmedicalhumanisticAccording to behaviorists, hostile, generous, or destructive impulses arise in the unconscious.personality is acquired through conditioning and observational learning.personality is strongly influenced by one’s self-image.personality develops from initial feelings of inferiority.The part of the mind that is beyond awareness is called the unconscious.conscious.postconscious.preconscious.According to Freud, the key to mental health isan overpowering superego.an unrestrained id.dominance of the pleasure principle.balance among mental processes.The ______ begins with puberty and ends with a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality.latency periodOedipal and Electra conflictsgenital stagephallic stageA key element of Carl Rogers’ personality theory is the concept ofmeta-needs.the self or self-image.self-reinforcement.the pleasure principle.Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, the child is said to go through the __________ stage.phalliclatencyanalgenitalThe position that personality is composed of learned patterns is held byneo-Freudians.humanists.behaviorists or behavioral personality theorists.psychoanalytic theorists.Which theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud?psychoanalyticbehavioristichumanisticpsychosocialJung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture calledpersona.collective consciousness.archetypes.mandalas.The main criticism of humanistic theory is thatit emphasizes the negative dimensions of personality.it is research- rather than experience-oriented.its concepts are imprecise and difficult to study objectively.its approach is more empirical than philosophical.If self-esteem is too high, the person may beboring.ineffective.dull. arrogant.Self-actualization refers toa tendency that causes human personality problems.what it is that makes certain men and women famous.anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials.the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich.The term personality refers tothe hereditary aspects of one’s emotional nature.unique and enduring behavior patterns.favorable and unfavorable personal characteristics.charisma, character, or temperament.__________ theories stress private, subjective experience and personal growth.TraitHumanisticBehavioristicPsychodynamicDuring the first year of life, the child is said to go through the _________ stage.oralanalgenitalphallicWhich of the following is POOR advice for a person who wishes to promote self-actualization?Seek peak experiences.Take responsibility.Be willing to change.Try to live up to what others think you should be.If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the ___________ approach.psychodynamic analyticalhumanistictraitIn Freudian theory, the ______________ is the “executive” structure that is directed by the reality principle.idegosuperegolibidoAccording to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the anal stage.oral stage.phallic stage.genital stage.In Adler’s view, the main striving of personality is fordominance.sophistication.instincts.superiority.An overly strict or harsh superego will causeincreasing levels of primary process thinking.an antisocial personality.inhibition, rigidity, or intolerable guilt.a breakdown of the libido.Concerning pure extroversion and pure introversion, it is most accurate to saya person is either one or the other.most people fall somewhere between these extremes.these terms were coined by the famous Swiss psychologist, Gordon Allport.they represent basic physical traits.Classifying people as having either a Type A or Type B personality has been used to predictcompetency as a parent.chances of suffering from a heart attack.success in education.chances of developing a serious mental illness.Which personality theories attempt to explain behavior by focusing on the inner workings of the personality including internal conflicts?traitbehavioristicpsychodynamichumanisticThe psychological situation, expectancy, and reinforcement value are important concepts in social learning theory.Gestalt theories.radical behaviorism.instrumental conditioning._________ theorists believe humans have free will.HumanisticBehavioristicPsychoanalyticTraitIn psychoanalytic theory, conscious control is experienced by the pleasure principle.id.ego.libido.Freud called an unresolved conflict caused by over-indulgence or frustration a(n)fixation.retentiveness.incongruency.expressiveness.______________ traits are personality traits that comprise a person’s unique individual qualities.CentralSecondaryCardinalIndividualWhich personality theorist strongly rejected Sigmund Freud’s claim that males are dominant or superior to females?Alfred AdlerKaren HorneyCarl JungErich FrommFor Freud, the time during which psychosexual development is interrupted is called the phallic stage.latency period.Oedipal period.genital stage.Suppose the ego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria. The ego would most likelydo nothing.wait in line.push to the head of the line.feel guilty about being so hungry.Which of the following is the correct ordering of Freud’s psychosexual stages?anal, phallic, oral, genitaloral, anal, phallic, genitalgenital, phallic, oral, analanal, oral, phallic, genitalAccording to Jung, a mental storehouse for unconscious ideas and images shared by all humans isthe persona.the personal unconscious.the collective unconscious.the anima.A defining characteristic of traits is that they arefixed.observed.evaluative.enduring. ................
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