Part 1 Life Science Review

Happy Summer 8th Grader,

Watch the following review videos and then quiz yourself on the questions that follow. Don't be overwhelmed by the amount of content; your 8th grade Physical Science Teacher will review content with you during the school year as they prepare you for the Florida State Science Assessment.

Part 1 ? Life Science Review

Videos/Tutorials:

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7th Grade Life Science SOL LS.2 1. Complete each statement about the cell theory. *a. All cells come from _other cells_________. *b. Cells can carry out all of _life's functions__. *c. All __living things___ are made of cells. 2. What scientific instrument has led to the development of the cell theory? microscope 3. a. What two things are found only in plant cells? Chloroplasts and cell wall

b. What is the function of each of those things? Chloroplasts- absorb sunlight; Cell wall- protection 4. What can plant cells do that animal cells can't? Make their own food 5. What process creates reproductive (sex) cells that carry half the genetic material of the parent cell? meiosis *1 cell = 4 haploid cells 6. What process creates new cells for growth and repair through cell division that are identical to the parent cell? mitosis **1 cell = 2 identical diploid cells 7. What are the phases of the cell cycle? Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis 8. Label the steps of mitosis.

prophase

metaphase

anophase

telophase

SOL LS.3 1. Groups of cells create? tissues 2. Groups of tissues create? organs 3. Groups of organs create? systems 4. What is an organism made of one cell called? unicellular 5. What is an organism made of more than one cell called? multicellular 6. What is the passive transport of water molecules across a cell membrane called? osmosis 7. What is the passive transport of substances other than water molecules across a cell membrane called? diffusion 8. What is the ability of the cell membrane to block some substances, but allow others to pass into the cell? Selective permeability

SOL LS.4 1. What is the hierarchy of living things? Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species 2. What is an organism's genus and species called (also called scientific name)? Binomial nomenclature

3. What is a group of similar looking organisms that have the ability to reproduce called (they would have the most in common)? species

4. What domain contains single cell organisms that can survive in extreme conditions? Archaea

5. What domain contains the kingdoms of Protista, Fungi, Animals, and Plants? Eukarya 6. What domain is made up of microscopic organisms that recycle nutrients? Bacteria

7. Identify the animal group (phyla). * a. Jellyfish, sea anemones, and Corals cnidarians *b. Clams, oysters, scallops, snails, and octopi (most have shells) mollusks *c. Segmented worms (earthworms, leeches) annelids *d. flatworm (tapeworm) Platyhelminthes *e. round worms (heart worms) Nematodes *f. Insects, spiders, & crustaceans (lobsters and crabs) Arthropods *g. Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers Echinoderms *h. Fish, frogs, snakes, birds, bears, and humans chordates

8. Identify the plant group (phyla). *a. Grows close to the ground, not true root system, no flowers mosses *b. Grows close to the ground, true root system, no flowers ferns *c. Grows tall, true root system, needles and cones conifers *d. Variable sizes, true root system, flowers, and often fruit flowering plants

SOL LS.5 1. What is the process where plants create their own food? photosynthesis **Formula: 6H2O + 6CO2 + Sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2 2. What source of energy is needed for photosynthesis? sunlight 3. What two resources are the reactants during photosynthesis? Water and carbon dioxide 4. What two resources are the products of photosynthesis? Glucose and oxygen 5. What do plants use glucose for? food 6. What chemical in chloroplasts absorbs or traps sunlight? chlorophyll 7. What process is the foundation of virtually all food webs? photosynthesis 8. What cellular process breaks down food molecules and releases energy? Cellular respiration

SOL LS.6 1. Identify the cycle and label the processes below- Water cycle

a. b.

d.

c.

e.

*a. __evaporation___ *b. ___condensation______ *c. ___precipitation________ *d. _____transpiration_______ *e. ___runoff____ 2. *a. Identify the cycle below-

Carbon Cycle

*b. Animals release _carbon dioxide

while plants carry out ___photosynthesis______

3. Identify the cycle below-

Nitrogen cycle

Animals eat plants; Animals die and produce waste products; Decomposers recycle nutrients 4. Identify the following: Grass Mouse Snake Hawk

*a. What is the Producer above? grass *b. What is the 1st Order Consumer above? mouse *c. What is the 2nd Order Consumer above? snake *d. What is the 3rd Order Consumer above? hawk 5. What happens to the number of organisms and the amount of energy as you move through a food pyramid or food web? It decreases

SOL LS.7 1. What are the five needs of all animals? Food, Water, Air, Shelter, and Space 2. What term describes animals that are fighting for the same need? Competition SOL LS.8 1. Identify each as a producer, consumer, or decomposer. *a. A grasshopper is a consumer__.

*b. Wheat is a _producer__. *c. A bacteria spore is a decomposer_. 2. Contrast a predator and prey. Predator eats prey 3. Identify each symbiotic relationship. *a. One thing benefits while the other is harmed. (Tick on a Dog) parasitism *b. One thing benefits while the other isn't affected. (Vultures feed on the scrapes left by a Lion) commensalism *c. Both things benefit. (Sharks are cleaned by a smaller fish) mutualism 4. What is an animal's role or job in life called? niche

SOL LS.9 1. What are the living organisms within a specific area and their physical environment called? Ecosystem 2. What are the three main types of ecosystems? Terrestrial (land), Marine, & freshwater 3. What are the large regions with ecological communities adapted to the climate and other conditions called? biomes 4. *a. What is an abiotic factor? Nonliving factor *b. Give some examples of abiotic factors. Rocks, water, climate, temperature, sunlight 5. *a. What is a biotic factor? Living factor

*b. Give some examples of bioticnfactors. Trees, animals, cells 6. Research the different BIOMES on your own. SOL LS.10 & LS.11 1. What terms describes a plant either growing towards or away from light? Phototropism 2. What term describes an animal that lowers its metabolism in order to deal with cold conditions?

Hibernation

3. What term describes a plants ability to suspend its metabolism in order to deal with adverse conditions? Dormancy

4. You're a raccoon. What will happen to your population in each case below?

* a. If the size of the habitat increases? Population increases *b. If the size of the habitat decreases? Population decreases *c. If the number of wolves decrease? Population increases Population decreases

5. What is the addition of excess nutrients to an ecosystem called?

Eutrophication

6. What can permanently alter a community and ecosystem?

Major Climate Changes and Catastrophic Disasters

7. (True/False) Actions by humans can have both a positive and negative effect on the health of an ecosystem and the population of a community. True SOL LS.12 1. Your individual traits are called? genes 2. What creates DNA and contains all of your individual traits ? chromosomes 3. What is your complete genetic code called? DNA 4. What is the shape of DNA? Double helix (spiral staircase) 5. What word describes the strong trait? dominant 6. What word describes the weak trait? recessive 7. What is the trait that actually shows called (physical expression)? phenotypes 8. What is the gene combination called? genotype 9. What is the name of the chart that shows possible phenotypes and genotypes? Punnett square 10. What are some characteristics you inherited? Eye color, hair color, bone structure 11. Identify some characteristics determined by your environment. Personality, intelligence, language 12. Who is the Father of Genetics? Gregor Mendel 13. Who discovered DNA? Rosalind Franklin 14. Who created the double helix model of DNA? Watson and Crick 15. What is it called when the genetic code is manipulated to obtain a desired product? Genetic Engineering SOL LS.13 1. What are changes over time in order to survive? adaptations 2. What is the process where animals select mates with traits best suited for survival? Natural selection 3. What are inheritable changes to an organism's genetic code (a change in a gene)? mutation 4. What term describes when a species completely dies out? extinction 5. What does the fossil record, genetic information, distribution of organisms, and similarities among species show? Evidence of evolution

Review questions:

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Part 2 - Earth Science Review

Please read the information, watch the video, or play the games attached to review material that was taught during your 6th grade year! ? Have Fun!

[The best way to access the review videos or games is to keep this sheet open on your computer so you can click on the links rather than having to type them all in.]

1) 2) Copycats in science: The role of replication

If a finding can't be replicated, it suggests that our current understanding of the study system or our methods of testing are insufficient. Does this mean that scientists are constantly repeating what others before them have already done? No, of course not -- or we would never get anywhere at all. The process of science doesn't require that every experiment and every study be repeated, but many are, especially those that produce surprising or particularly important results. In some fields, it is standard procedure for a scientist to replicate his or her own results before publication in order to ensure that the findings were not due to some fluke or factors outside the experimental design.

The desire for replicability is part of the reason that scientific papers almost always include a methods section, which describes exactly how the researchers performed the study. That information allows other scientists to replicate the study and to evaluate its quality, helping ensure that occasional cases of fraud or sloppy scientific work are weeded out and corrected.

3) 4) Use the flashcards on

astronomical-bodies-flash-cards/ 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) ?

chapter_no=investigation 16)

When you are finished reviewing the information above, you can read through and review key concepts you learned in elementary school science:

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