Literature references for Raleigh February 2009:



Literature references for Raleigh February 2009:

Gregory, C; Bickel, C. 2005. Recruitment Patterns in Human Skeletal Muscle During Electrical Stimulation. Physical Therapy. Volume 85. Number 4. April

Tam, S; Archibald, V; Jassar, B; Tyreman, N; Gordon, T. 2001. Increased Neuromuscular Activity Reduces Sprouting in Partially Denervated Muscles. Journal of Neuroscience, January 15, 2001, 21920:654-667

Nolan, K, Deane, S, Garcia,L, Krekeler, D, Masters, J, Merle, K, Purfield, J, Stanton, C, Stampe, P. 2008. Effects of theshold electrical stimulation (TES) on upper extremity movement in an infant with brachial plexus injury.

Presented at the APTA Annual Conference, 2008

EMG Triggered Muscle Stimulation (EMG+STIM)

Cauraugh, J; Light, K; Kim, S; Thigpen, M; Behrman, A. 2000. Chronic Motor Dysfunction After Stoke. Recovering Wrist and Finger Extension by Electromuography-Triggered Neuromuscular Stimulation. Stroke 2000; 31:1360-1364

Eleven patients with chronic hemiplegia were divided into an experimental group receiving EMG-Triggered Muscle Stimulation and a control group receiving training without stimulation. The study concludes there is evidence that supports the use of EMG+STIM as a decrease in dysfunction and improvement in motor capabilities were seen in the experimental group.

Fritz, S; Chiu, Y; Malcolm, M; Patterson, T; Light, K. 2005. Feasibility of Electromyography-Triggered Neuromuscular Stimulation as an Adjunct to Constraint- Induced Movement Therapy. Physical Therapy Vol85, No 5, May 2005, pp. 428-442

In this case study a post stroke patient was given EMG+STIM training in addition to CIMT although the patient did not meet the traditional criteria for CIMT. The authors conclude that it is feasible that the patient’s progress was in part due to the EMG+STIM intervention. The authors call for more research on EMG+STIM in combination with CIMT.

Bolton, D; Cauraugh, J; Hausenblas, H. 2004. Electromyogram-Triggered Neuromuscular Stimulation and Stroke Motor Recovery of Arm/Hand Function: A meta-analysis. Journal of Neurological Sciences Volume 223, Issue 2, pages 121-127

In this meta-analysis the effect of EMG+STIM in treatment groups consisting of 47 post stroke individual was measured. The authors conclude that that there is significant overall mean effect size. This study shows evidence that supports the use of EMG-STIM for post stroke rehabilitation of hand function.

Couraugh, J; Sangbum, K. 2002. Two Coupled Motor Recovery Protocols are Better Than One. Stroke 2002;33:1589

In this study of 25 CVA subjects one group received a coupled protocol of EMG+STIM and bilateral movement, one group received a coupled protocol of EMG+STIM and unilateral movement and the control group where patients received no movement support. The study concludes that there is convincing evidence that EMG+STIM in combination with both unilateral and bilateral movement improved motor function post stroke

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