Problem Solving - 6 - University of Memphis
CIVL 1101
Problem Solving - Chapter 8
1/9
Implementing the Solution
z Many people get stuck in the problem-solving process by analyzing things to death
Evaluate the Solution
Implement the Solution Decide the Course of Action
Generate Solutions Define the Problem
Implementing the Solution
z There are a number of techniques that will facilitate the implementation process
Evaluate the Solution
Implement the Solution Decide the Course of Action
Generate Solutions Define the Problem
Implementing the Solution
Decide
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Implementation
Approval
z The first step in the implementation process is to get approval from your organization
z Sell your ideas
z Prepare a document to sell your project
z Your report should describe:
y What you want to do y Why you want to do it y How you are going to do it y How your project will benefit the organization
Approval
z Avoid technical jargon z Keep presentation clear and to the point z Make presentation in logical and orderly manner z Be concise z Anticipate questions z Be enthusiastic about your ideas
Implementing the Solution
Decide
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Implementation
CIVL 1101
Problem Solving - Chapter 8
2/9
Planning
z Planning is the most important step in the implementation process
z Consider the following items
y Allocate your time time and resources y Anticipate bottleneck
y Identify milestone y Identity and sketch the pathway to the solution
z A modified KT situation analysis can be useful
Planning
KT Situation Analysis
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Planning
z Many people use a personal organizer to keep track of activities and commitments
z We will discuss four types of organization methods:
y Gantt Chart y Coordination and development y Critical path y Necessary resources
Planning
z Gantt Chart - a common way to allocate time to
specific tasks
z "If you don't know where you're going you'll probably end up somewhere else"
Planning
Gantt Chart
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Task 1 - Literature Review Task 2 - Feasibility Study
Task3 - Development of Prototype
Task4 - Laboratory Study of Prototype
Task4a - Static Flow Task4a - Dynamic Flow Task5 - Data Acquisition
Task6 - Report Preparation
Planning
z Coordinate and Development
z Coordination among various team members is imperative to achieving an efficient solution in the time allotted
z The use of a Development Chart can help guide
the team by assigning various responsibilities to different team members
CIVL 1101
Problem Solving - Chapter 8
3/9
Planning Example
z Thanksgiving Dinner - my extended family consists of 25 people
Main Course: Roasted turkey with dressing
Vegetable: Potato: Sauce: Dessert: Beverages:
Green beans with mushroom sauce Sweet potato casserole
Jellied cranberry sauce Pumpkin pie
Coffee, tea, milk, water, wine
clean (0.5 hr), stuff (0.5 hr), cook (7 hr @ 350oF), cool and slice (1 hr)
prep. time (30 min) microwave (30 min)
prep. time (30 min), cook (3 hr @ 350oF)
open can, slice, serve
prep. time (45 min), cook (1 hr @ 425oF)
Planning Example
z Gantt Chart for Thanksgiving Dinner
7 am 8
9
10 11 12
1
2
Turkey Housework
clean stuff
cook, 7 hours @ 350oF clean house
3
4
5 6 pm
cool - serve - slice
Sweet Potato Pumpkin Pie
prep. and bake @ 350oF - keep warm prep. and bake @ 425oF
Green Beans
prep.
microwave - keep warm
Planning
z Critical Path - Organizing critical tasks along
a time line
z Develop an understanding of how one task effects other tasks in the project
z Use extensively in the construction industry
z Constructing a critical path is a dynamic
process
Critical Path Example
z Critical Path for Thanksgiving Dinner
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Critical Path Example
z Critical Path for Thanksgiving Dinner
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Group Problem
Critical Path Group Problem
Page 148
CIVL 1101
Planning
Necessary Resources
z Typically resource are divided into five categories:
y Personnel y Equipment y Travel y Supplies y Overhead
Problem Solving - Chapter 8
4/9
Planning
I. Salaries and Wages A. Principal Investigator, C.V. Camp Summer, 2 month @ 66.67% Extra Compenstation (1 month academic year @11.11%) B. Shahram Pezeshk Summer, 2 month @ 66.67% Extra Compenstation (1 month academic year @11.11%) C. Undergraduate Research Assistant 2 @ $6/hr (1280 hours) Subtotal I
II. Fringe Benefits @ 17.65% of IA+IB
III. Travel
IV. Operating Expenses
V. Subcontract - Dr. Russell Deaton - The Univeristy of Arkansas Total Direct Costs
VI. Facilities & Administration Costs @ 15% MTDC
Total Project Costs
$ 14,925
$
7,462
$ 14,925
$
7,462
$ 15,360 $ 60,134
$
7,903
$
2,000
$ 15,000
$ 37,597 $ 122,634
$ 18,395
$ 141,029
Planning
z Carry Through - all the planning in the world will not
save a poor job of carrying through the chosen solution
z Carry Through Checklist:
y Find the limits of your solution - overestimate or underestimate your assumptions
y Anticipate your solution y Construction of a model our your solution to see if it will work
under simple conditions y Continue to collect information and research your solution y Make sure no physical law are violated y Plan you simulations carefully
Planning
z Revealing the Solution - "It's like peeling an onion"
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Planning
Revealing the Solution z Evaluation - qualitative and quantitative judgements about
how material and methods satisfy problem criteria
z Synthesis - formulation of problem statement and testing
procedures from "fuzzy" situations
z Analysis - break the problem into parts, identify missing,
redundant, and and contradictory information
Planning
Revealing the Solution z Application - organize which set of activities will be
applied
z Comprehension - understanding, manipulation, and/or
extrapolation of information generated or identified in the application step
z Knowledge - remembering previously learned material
CIVL 1101
Problem Solving - Chapter 8
5/9
Planning
Follow Up
z Flexibility in an essential trait of problem solvers z Periodically check your progress
"Inspect what you expect"
Planning
Follow Up
Follow the solution plan Proceed on schedule
Stay within budget
Planning
Follow Up
Acceptable quality Still relevant to the problem
Planning
Problems That Change With Time
z Where did the goals come from and why? z Are the goals still appropriate to the problem? z Are you trying to hit a moving target?
Planning
Experimental Projects
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Planning
Experimental Projects
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