Southern Illinois University Edwardsville



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Problem Solving is influenced by 4 factors

1.*Expertise*Someone who shows exemplary knowledge in a given area, otherwise known as an expert.

2.*Mental Set When you try to use the same methods continuously, even though they don*t always work.

3.*Functional Fixedness This is using the same objects for certain tasks. Not thinking *outside the box*.

4.*Type of Problem Insight vs. Noninsigh

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Problem Solving Strategies & Techniques:

1. Algorithms Methodology

2. Heuristic Approaches

3. Analogies

4. Modeling

5. Role Playing

6. Criticism & Suggestions

7. Public Solutions

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Creativity & Problem Solving

EPFR 515-701

Creativity Highlights

Definition of Creativity

**Finding solutions that are novel, high quality, and useful

Approaches to Creativity

**Divergent production

**Investment theory of creativity

o*Essential attributes: intelligence, knowledge, motivation, an encouraging environment, an appropriate thinking style, and an appropriate personality

Different types of motivation for creativity

**Intrinsic motivation

o*Best type of motivation to have

*Extrinsic motivation

Incubation is also believed to be a good method because it allows a person to take a break from trying to solve a problem , and after the break the person is able to think more clearly on the solution.

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Gender Stereotype Your gender may have an effect on your ability to solve problems. This happens because your gender may have weaknesses in certain areas that cause you to automatically believe you can't do as well

Problem Solving is influenced by 4 factors

1.*Expertise*Someone who shows exemplary knowledge in a given area, otherwise known as an expert.

2.*Mental Set When you try to use the same methods continuously, even though they don't always work.

3.*Functional Fixedness This is using the same objects for certain tasks. Not thinking *outside the box*.

4.*Type of Problem Insight vs. No insight

Every problem has 3 features

1.*Initial State*

2.*Goal State

3.*Obstacles

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3 factors that influence our ability to solve problems

1.*Separating important and unimportant information

Decide which information is vital to solving the problem, using that information, and disregard the rest.

2.*Make a model of the problem

Symbols

Matrices

Diagrams

Visual images

3.*Situated cognition

How we learned to solve similar problems is directly related to solve current problem

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References Cited

Harris, Robert (2002(Problem Solving Techniques,

Retrieved Sept 8. 2008 from http//

Matlin, Margaret W. (2005) Cognition (6th edition)

Danvars, MA. Wiley & Sons

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