PROTEIN SYNTHESIS -Transcription
Name : ______________________
Date : ________________
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – A look at Transcription Notes
Introduction :
- *DNA replication produces _____________________________________________
- *Protein synthesis _____________________________________________________
Do not confuse these 2 processes!!!!!!
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- DNA is the master copy (or template) containing instructions for the production of proteins. (structural and functional)
-______________________________________________________________________, but DNA never leaves the nucleus. A copy of the DNA must be made. This copy is
called ____________________________________________. Only genes for required proteins are copied into mRNA. The process of making mRNA is called
___________________________
- mRNA travels into the cytoplasm where it is _____________________into proteins.
DNA---------------------------> mRNA------------------------------> Protein
__________________ __________________
Genetic Code:
- The nitrogenous bases in DNA contain the instructions for making proteins.
________________________________________________________________________ Many amino acids make up a protein.
- Each 3 base set is called a _______________________
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- There are 64 possible combinations:
- However, we only have about ________________________, therefore most amino acids have more than 1 codon. Often the codons only differ in the last base.
- Example: _________
__________
Both codons are for the_________________________.
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- Duplicate codons may be a way of protecting/reducing the effects of mutations.
________________________________________________________________
- The genetic code is basically “Universal” the ______________________________
________________________________ in all living things. This suggests that all living things came from a common ancestor.
- AUG which is Methionine is a start codon, whereas UAA and UAG are stop codons.
- At the end of each mRNA ________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________. This is so the body can detect that the m-RNA is still functional. This means when
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ The cell will then digest and destroy the no longer functional m-RNA (Lysosomes will be involved in this process)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS : Transcription
A. The ___________________________________ is selected, isolated and uncoiled by enzymes. The gene codes for a particular protein that will eventually be produced.
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B. The gene _____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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C. Free – floating __________ nucleotides join complementary to the selected gene
(______________________________________________________________________)
- *Because there is no___________________________________, A different base
called ______________________________________________________*
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D. The Ribose – Phosphates join together to complete the backbone. The hydrogen bonds that temporarily formed between the RNA bases and the DNA bases are
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
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- We now have a mRNA strand. Steps A, B, C and D = ________________________
-___________________________________________________.
- DNA joins back together. The __________________________________
passes through the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. It will then be used to complete the second part of Protein Synthesis known as TRANSLATION.
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E. ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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