PROTEIN SYNTHESIS -Transcription



Name : ______________________

Date : ________________

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS – A look at Transcription Notes

 

Introduction :

- *DNA replication produces _____________________________________________

 

- *Protein synthesis _____________________________________________________

 

Do not confuse these 2 processes!!!!!!

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- DNA is the master copy (or template) containing instructions for the production of proteins. (structural and functional)

 

-______________________________________________________________________, but DNA never leaves the nucleus. A copy of the DNA must be made. This copy is

called ____________________________________________. Only genes for required proteins are copied into mRNA. The process of making mRNA is called

___________________________

- mRNA travels into the cytoplasm where it is _____________________into proteins.

 

DNA---------------------------> mRNA------------------------------> Protein

__________________ __________________

 

Genetic Code:

- The nitrogenous bases in DNA contain the instructions for making proteins.

________________________________________________________________________ Many amino acids make up a protein.

- Each 3 base set is called a _______________________

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- There are 64 possible combinations:

- However, we only have about ________________________, therefore most amino acids have more than 1 codon. Often the codons only differ in the last base.

- Example: _________

__________

Both codons are for the_________________________.

 

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- Duplicate codons may be a way of protecting/reducing the effects of mutations.

________________________________________________________________

 

- The genetic code is basically “Universal” the ______________________________

________________________________ in all living things. This suggests that all living things came from a common ancestor.

 

- AUG which is Methionine is a start codon, whereas UAA and UAG are stop codons.

- At the end of each mRNA ________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________. This is so the body can detect that the m-RNA is still functional. This means when

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ The cell will then digest and destroy the no longer functional m-RNA (Lysosomes will be involved in this process)

 

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS : Transcription 

A. The ___________________________________ is selected, isolated and uncoiled by enzymes. The gene codes for a particular protein that will eventually be produced.

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B. The gene _____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

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C.  Free – floating __________ nucleotides join complementary to the selected gene

(______________________________________________________________________)

- *Because there is no___________________________________, A different base

called ______________________________________________________*

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D. The Ribose – Phosphates join together to complete the backbone. The hydrogen bonds that temporarily formed between the RNA bases and the DNA bases are

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ 

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 - We now have a mRNA strand. Steps A, B, C and D = ________________________

 

-___________________________________________________.

- DNA joins back together. The __________________________________

passes through the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores into the cytoplasm. It will then be used to complete the second part of Protein Synthesis known as TRANSLATION.

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 E.  ____________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

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