Elements of Programming Languages Dordal, rev 8/98



Elements of Programming Languages Dordal, rev 8/04

Concepts: expressions, types, variables, evaluation, store, environment, scope, side effects, statements,

What is a programming language? At the most abstract level, it is anything that lets you define a computation; that is, anything that lets you define a mathematical function that takes an input and generates an output from it. However, we would like to be more concrete. Here's a sample program in the language C++:

main() {

int x, sum, i=1;

cin >> x;

while (i ................
................

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