Protein synthesis test review - Weebly



Name: ________KEY___________________DNA structure, replication and Protein Synthesis Test ReviewDefine the following:Codon: a set of Three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule Transcription: The process of making a copy of a section of DNA into an mRNA moleculeTranslation: The process of taking a mRNA and turning it into a chain of amino acids ( protein)Replication: The process of making a complete copy of a DNA molecule ( Prepare for mitosis)Put the following steps of protein synthesis in order by numbering 1 through 4.____3____ mRNA leaves the nucleus with the DNA code, and goes to the ribosomes____4____ribosomes make proteins____1____DNA temporarily unzips____2____mRNA nucleotides match up to DNAThe code on a DNA strand reads: G C G T A A T G AThe mRNA strand would read: __CGCAUUACU__________________________Use the mRNA to explain what a codon is: _____CGC ___AUU___ACU___(group of 3 nucleotides)How many amino acids have been coded for by the above DNA strand? _____3__Where are proteins made? _________________A chain of amino acids_________________What is the role of mRNA? ______carry the message of DNA into the ribosome in thecytoplasm___How many different types of amino acids are there? ____20___What molecule found in the nucleus carries (has) the code for making a protein? __mRNA_____When the information from DNA is passed to RNA this process is called_____Transcription___.Give the DNA segment for the following strand of mRNA. A U G G C A _TACCGT_____Give the mRNA segment for the following strand of DNA. C T T A A G_GAAUUC______4438650497840A scientist fills a test tube with nucleotide chains of GGG GGG and allows proteins to form. When he looks at the test tube later all he finds is the amino acid glycine. What can he conclude from his results?Glycine is (circle your answer) composed of guanine or coded for by GGG. Why are the sequences of the bases in a DNA molecule important for protein synthesis? ___It determines the correct order of amino acids that make the protein__________Where does transcription occur? ______in the Nucleus______What is a similarity of DNA and RNA? _1. nucleotides, (base sugar, protein)__2. carries genetic info______What base is unique to DNA? _________Thymine (T)__________ What base is unique to RNA? _________Uracil (U)__________What molecule is RNA transcribed from? ____DNA_____How many bases make a codon? ___3____What is the anticodon?__set of 3 bases on a transfer RNA (tRNA)____________________Amino acids linked together form what? __________Protein_________________331470012636531718251587500Draw a picture of a DNA or RNA nucleotide.441960028384537719001504950036004501028704562475742953 parts 1 phospate BLUE2 sugar Purple3 nitrogen base (ATCG) RedWhere does translation occur? ______Ribosome in the cytoplasm___________________88582526670000Label the following diagram with these terms: mRNA (A), DNA (B), ribosome (C), and protein (D). 324802531116C00C3819525196851D00D2619375187326A00A1647825292100B00B1171575587692510191755724525 Use the mRNA codon chart or wheel from your notes (PRACTICE BOTH) and give the amino acid chain for the following strands of DNA. (if you do not have one, google “codon chart” )A U G C A C G G G A C A U A A____Met (start) His Gly Thr Stop___A A A C G C U U U G A C U G A__Lys Arg Phe Asp Stop____________Two brothers look differently because the brothers’ DNA have a different order of nitrogenous _______bases______.5048250292100035623502921000How does genetic information flow? ____DNA__________RNA______Proteins __If the mRNA strand normally reads UAU but then is changed to read UAA, what will happen to the protein produced? (HINT: use mRNA codon chart in notes)___different amino acid so it will make a different protein_________________Name 4 differences between RNA and DNASingle strandUracil instead of thymineSmaller strandDifferent sugar ( ribose instead of deoxyribose)What shape is DNA_______double helix__________________________What are the sides of the DNA “ladder” made of __Phosphate_____and _Sugar________What are the rungs of the DNA “ladder” made of _____nitrogen bases (ATCG)_____________Where is DNA located in the cell____________nucleus_______________DNA stands for __deoxyribonucleic acid_____________________Can DNA leave the nucleus___no ( its too big)_____What is a Chromosome made of?______DNA_______________A section of DNA is called a __Gene______which determines traits.What two scientists are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA ______Watson _____and____Crick________DNA replication is the process of producing (how many) ___2__ replicas from from 1 DNA moleculeDNA _helicase_________is the enzyme that unzips the DNA for replicationEach new DNA molecule is made of one____OLD____strand and one___NEW_______strand of DNA. ................
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