Georgetown Independent School District / GISD Home



Name: ____________________________ Period: ______Unit 6 RNA and Protein Synthesis Test Review w/Spiraled Questions from Previous TestsWhat is the role of the following in protein synthesis?DNA-Segments of DNA strands are genes which contain the instructions that control the production of proteins.mRNA-Carries the instructions from the DNA for the assembling of amino acids into proteins. tRNA-Transfers each type of amino acid to the ribosome and assembles the amino acids in the right order to build the protein.rRNA-RNA found in the ribosomes. Ribosomes are the site where proteins are assembled or synthesized.What is transcription? Where does transcription happen in a eukaryotic cell? Transcription is process of making RNA. In eukaryotic cells, transcription takes place in the nucleus. RNA polymerase (an enzyme) uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand of mRNA. Contains the instruction or code to make the protein.What is translation? Where does translation happen in a cell? Translation takes place at the site of protein synthesis (at the ribosome). Information from mRNA is used to assemble amino acids in the right order to make or synthesize proteins. The tRNA molecule’s anticodon deciphers the codons on the mRNA strand, and places the correct amino acid in the right sequence or order in building the protein or polypeptide.DNA is read 3 letters or nitrogen bases at a time. What do we call these letter segments? We call them triplets.What are the nitrogenous bases in DNA? What bases pair together? Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine. A pairs w/T and G pairs w/C. Rule of base pairing.What are the nitrogenous bases in RNA? What base replaced thymine? Adenine, Guanine, Uracil and Cytosine. Uracil replaces thymine in RNA.What is haploid? What is diploid? Haploid is a single set of chromosomes. Sex cells (gametes) are haploid. In humans sex cells contain 23 chromosomes (shown as 1N). Diploid contains two sets of chromosomes. In humans that number is 46 chromosomes. All body cells (somatic cells) are diploid. In humans diploid occurred when 23 chromosomes from the female and 23 chromosomes from the male unite in fertilization forming the zygote (fertilized egg) and is shown as (2N).Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.DNARNAdouble strandedsingle stranded5 carbon sugar deoxyribose5 carbon sugar ribosenucleotides contain phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar and one of 4 nitrogen bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine)nucleotides contain phosphate group, ribose sugar and one of 4 nitrogen bases (adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine)Where does protein synthesis take place in a cell? At the ribosome.What is the monomer of proteins? What do we call the kind of bonds that link these monomers into the polymer we call a protein? The monomers of proteins are amino acids. They are bonded by peptide bonds into the polymer protein. The only difference between one protein and another is the number of amino acids in the peptide chain and the order of the amino acids.Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell? Prokaryotic cell? In eukaryotes it is located in the nucleus and in prokaryotes it is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The DNA in prokaryotes is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane.What is codon? How many nitrogen bases are found in codon? A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide. What is an anticodon? What type of RNA carries the anticodon? What other molecule does this RNA carry? Each transfer RNA (tRNA)) molecule has three unpaired bases called the anticodon. They are complementary to one mRNA codon. The tRNA will read the codon and deliver the correct amino acid to the right spot to build or synthesize the protein.What is a gene? Where are genes located? A gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein thus determines a trait in an organism.Using the following mRNA strand and the codon wheel, what amino acids are being coded for in the correct order? AUG UCA GCU GCG UUU UAU CUU CUA CGU UGAmethionine, serine, alanine, alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, leucine, arginine, stopWhat are the anticodons for the mRNA strand in question 15? UAC AGU CGA CGC AAA AUA GAA GAU GCA ACULabel the following diagram and be able to answer questions associated with this diagram.Identify the types of RNA in the following diagram.Using the following DNA strand, what would be the corresponding mRNA strand? What amino acids would be coded for by the mRNA strand? TAC CCA AAA TTT ACC ATTmRNA: AUG GGU UUU AAA UGG UAAAmino acids Met - Gly - Phe – Trp - StopWhat is hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic? What happens to cells in a hypotonic environment? In a hypertonic environment? Isotonic environment? Hypotonic- Higher water concentration w/less solutes, Hypertonic—less water concentration more solutes, isotonic –same water concentration in both solutions. Hypotonic-water moves into cell, Hypertonic-water moves out of cell (plasmolysis occurs), isotonic water moves into and out of cell equally (equilibrium) In the cell cycle, where is DNA replicated? In the S-phase of interphaseWhat are the functions of lysosomes? What do lysosomes contain? Used to break down or digest things such as food, worn out cell parts, or to destroy cells in apoptosis (cell death). Lysosomes contain hydrolytic acidic enzymes.What is sexual reproduction? What is asexual reproduction? Reproduction involving 2 parents whereby offspring are genetically different than the parents. Asexual reproduction involves one parent and offspring are genetically the same.What happens in glycolysis? Where does glycolysis take place? What happens if O2 is available? What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis? In glycolysis a molecules of glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvates. ATP and NADH are also made. Occurs in the cytoplasm and no O2 is needed. If O2 is available, complete breakdown of glucose can occur in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. In glycolysis there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules (4 made, 2 have to be kept in reserve to start glycolysis over for a net gain of 2 ATP’s).What is the role of DNA in relation to the genetic code? Contains the code to make proteins that give organisms their traits. ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download